Bret Baierlein REFORMS REVOLUTIONS AND WARS CHAPTER 9

Bret Baierlein REFORMS, REVOLUTIONS AND WARS CHAPTER 9

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE A. Reform Act of 1832 – Provided representation in Parliament to industrial cities. Extended voting rights to middle class men but still required that they own property. In 1867 voting rights were further extended to men meaning about 1/3 of the male population could now vote.

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE B. Factory Act – Made it illegal for teenagers to work more than 12 hours a day and required two hours of schooling a day for children between 9 and 13. C. Chartist Movement 1. 1839 – British citizens sent a petition known as the People’s Charter to parliament – Demanded voting rights for all men. 2. Supporters known as Chartists 3. REVOLT IN 1848

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE D. Slavery Abolition Act – Abolished slavery in Great Britain in 1833 and throughout the British Empire. The British government was required to compensate slave owners based on the number of slaves that were freed.

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE E. Women’s Suffrage 1. Reform efforts of the early to mid-1800’s provided opportunities for women to be involved in social causes. The Abolitionist movement attracted many females. 2. Industrialization provided a chance for women to work outside of the home and fostered economic and social independence.

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE 3. There was dispute within the Women’s rights movement as to how many rights women should have. One convention disbanded early due to a disagreement over whether women should be allowed to speak in public.

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE 4. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848 after being told they could not participate in an abolitionist convention.

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE 5. In the 1900’s in Britain, women’s rights activists grew frustrated at the lack of progress and became more vocal and destructive. After Parliament again refused to grant suffrage, women took to the streets breaking windows, setting fires and assaulting police officers.

I. REFORMS IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE 6. The women were arrested and placed in prison. Once there the women went on hunger strikes, refusing to eat, thinking that they would be released. Instead the prison guards held them down and force fed them through feeding tubes up their noses. This outrage caused more protests.

7. In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant voting rights to women. 8. In 1918, Great Britain allows women over 30 years of age to vote. In 1928 women obtained the right to vote that was equal to that of men. 9. In 1920 in the United States, the 19 th amendment is adopted granting women’s suffrage.

E. TEMPERANCE Women also became involved in advocating temperence, a movement that sought to end alcohol sales in the U. S. Why women? ? ? 2. Carrie Nation – was leader of the temperence movment (born in Garrard County) - Trademark was a hatchet 1.

II. CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD A. B. Several times in the 1800’s the Irish potato crop failed. Because people of Ireland depended on potatoes as their main food source, famine swept through the country. About 1 million people starved another 1. 5 million left the country. During this time Britain, who controlled Ireland, continued to export food to other locations to protect their economy. This caused the people of Ireland to want independence and they gained limited self-rule in 1920.

B. FRANCE 1. 2. 3. 4. The Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVIII to the French monarchy Charles X – brother – tries to rule as an absolute monarch – overthrown Establish an constitutional monarchy w/Louis Philippe as king – “Citizen King” Revolution of 1848 1. 2. 3. 4. Economic Inequality – Louis-Philippe loses popularity Cancels meeting of reformers – sparks Revolution Louis Phillippe forced out – replaced by a Republic w/Louis Napoleon as the leader Louis Napoleon was eventually elected emperor – overthrown after losing a war to Prussia

II. CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD B. Anti-Semitism, or prejudice against Jews was growing in the 1800 s in Europe. In 1894 this became evident in France through the Dreyfus affair. Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew, was falsely accused and convicted of being a spy. Riots broke out in over 50 French towns. This led to the birth of the Zionist movement, a Jewish nationalist movement to re-create a Jewish state in Palestine.

II. CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Latin America 1. Toussaint L’Ouverture led a group of mullattoes and slaves in a bloody revolt against French settlers a revolt for independence from France in Saint Domingue, Haiti. 2. Father Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos led the Mexican independence movement from Spain. C. 3. Simon Bolivar led the fight for independence from Spain in Venezuela and set up the country of Columbia. He wanted to unite all of South America in a group called the Federation of the Andes.

II. CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD United States 1. The Monroe Doctrine declared the Americas off limits to further European colonization. 2. Manifest destiny was the belief that Americans had the God-given right to settle land all the way to the Pacific. This led to American expansion. D.

II. CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 3. In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act which called for the relocation of five Indian nations (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Creek) to the Great Plains. The Cherokee march was especially deadly earning the name the Trail of Tears. 4. In 1848 the US won the Mexican American War and added territory from Texas to the Pacific Ocean in an area that would become parts of 10 different states.

II. CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 5. The US fought its Civil War over slavery and states rights. In 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation declaring freedom of the slaves in Confederate territory. Later the 13 th amendment freed all slaves.

EXIT SLIP 1. What was the effect of the Reform Act of 1832? a. It gave industrial cities representation in Parliament for the first time. b. It gave women the right to vote for members of Parliament. c. It regulated working conditions and minimum wages in industry. d. It created the United Kingdom by joining England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

EXIT SLIP 2. The Dreyfus affair had a lasting impact because it a. kept women from voting for another sixty years. b. led to the Revolution of 1848. c. barred Jews from holding military commissions for almost a century. d. inspired the Zionist movement.

EXIT SLIP 3. Who fought for Independence in South America? A. L’Ouverture B. Hidalgo C. Morelos D. Bolivar

EXIT SLIP 4. Manifest destiny affected Native Americans by a. forcing them to convert to Christianity. b. introducing them to manufactured products. c. separating them into distinct tribes. d. forcing them westward and into reservations.