Breath Analysis by Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Joseph

Breath Analysis by Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Joseph Guss Department of Physical Chemistry University of Helsinki

Overall Schematic Breath transferred to cell Patient Diseases Diagnosis Biomarkers Cavity ring down spectroscopy

Lab photo 6350 – 6575 cm-1 Scanning range 1520 – 1575 nm Sensitivity 5 10 -10 cm-1 Hz-1/2

Breath Spectrum K. Stamyr, O. Vaittinen, J. Jaakola, J. Guss, M. Metsälä, G. Johanson, and L. Halonen, Biomarkers, in press as of

Endogenous trace gases in breath Breath gas Formula Average fraction methane carbon monoxide acetone CH 4 CO (CH 3)2 CO 2 -10 1 -10 0 -1 ammonia isoprene nitric oxide nitrous oxide ethane pentane carbonyl sulfide NH 3 C 5 H 8 NO NO 2 C 2 H 6 C 5 H 12 OCS 50 -800 50 -200 10 -50 1 -20 0 -10 ppm ppb

Diseases and biomarkers in breath Disease schizophrenia angina pectoris Biomarker pentane, CS 2 [1] CO hyperbilirubinemia CO [2] diabetes (type 2) acetone asthma liver diseases lung cancer Helicobacter pylori infection NO OCS, NH 3 VOCs CO 2 (urea breath test) Diseases 1. Journal of Clinical Pathology (1994) September, 47(9), 870. 2. Pediatrics International (2001) 43, 329– 333

Helicobacter pylori • Has been shown to cause stomach ulcers • 2005 Nobel Prize in medicine: Warren and Marshall © The Nobel Prize committee for Physiology or Medicine

Helicobacter pylori (NH 2)2 CO + H 2 O urease CO 2 + 2 NH 3 Possibility of direct measurement of ammonia

13 C urea breath test

Ammonia in raw breath samples

Change in ammonia concentration after ingestion of 13 C urea

Thanks Helsinki » Dr Florian Schmidt » Dr Olavi Vaittinen » Janne Jaakola » Prof. Lauri Halonen » Markus Metsälä € Emil Aaltosen Säätiö Stockholm » Kristin Stamyr » Gunnar Johanson Tampere » Tapani Ahola » Mika Kähönen » Terho Lehtimäki