BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA Former Yugoslavia Creation Yugoslavia was

BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA

Former Yugoslavia

Creation • Yugoslavia was first formed as a kingdom in 1918 and then recreated as a Socialist state in 1945 after the Axis powers were defeated in World War II. • The constitution established six constituent republics in the federation: Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. Serbia also had two autonomous provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina.

Background Info • Serbia – mainly Orthodox Christian population • Croatia – mainly Catholic population • Bosnia – mixed Muslim, Serb, and Croat population

Timeline • 1945 -1980 - Josip Tito ruled as a charismatic leader of Yugoslavia employing his own brand of communism (separate from Stalin’s)

Timeline • 1980 -1991 - Yugoslavia had a rotating Presidency headed by a leader of one of the regions • Late 1980 s - Slobodan Milosevic came to power pushing for Serbian nationalism

Slovene/Catholic 91% Croat/Catholic 3% Serb/E Ortho 2% Croat/Catholic 78% Serb/E Ortho 12% Bosnia: 40% of urban couples ethnically mixed Muslims (43. 7%) Croats/Catholic (17. 3%) Serbs/E Ortho (31. 4 %) Patterns of Ethnic Settlement Facilitated the Conflict and Break-up Serb/ E Ortho 63% Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6% Albanian/Muslim 14% Hungarian/Catholic 4% 66% Macedonian/E Ortho 23% Albanian/Muslim 2% Serb/E Ortho 4% Turk/Muslim

Slovenia • 1991 - broke away from Yugo. (short war)

Croatia • 1992 - Croatia broke away from Yugo. (bloody war)

Bosnia-Herzegovina • 1992 - Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence from Yugo.

Ethnic Cleansing • Serbs began a campaign of ethnic cleansing against mainly Bosnian Muslims • (concentration camps, mass murder, mass rapes – to eradicate Muslims from parts of Bosnia)

Timeline • 1995 - Dayton Accords – tenuous peace agreement for Bosnia

Serbia and Montenegro • Yugoslavia disappeared from the map of Europe, after 83 years of existence, to be replaced by a looser union called simply Serbia and Montenegro, after the two remaining republics.

Montenegro • Declared independence in 2006

Kosovo • In 2008 declared itself an independent state. • Serbia and a number of other countries do not recognize the secession of Kosovo and consider it a UN-governed entity within its sovereign territory.