BRE urbaneer findings Robbie Thompson BRE 15 July
BRE: urbaneer findings Robbie Thompson BRE 15 July 2016 Part of the BRE Trust
Three tower blocks Block 2 1950 -1966 concrete system build, single glazed with underfloor electric heating, no thermostatic or time control Block 3 Block 1 1967 -1975 build, uninsulated cavity wall, double glazed with electric storage heaters. 1967 -1975 concrete system build, double glazed, electric storage heaters
Three tower blocks Block 2 External wall insulation Double glazing District heating Block 3 Block 1 External wall insulation Double glazing District heating Enerphit (passivhaus) retrofit External Wall Insulation MVHR Double Glazing Enclosed Walkways Not Complete
Property overview Data collection 1* Electricity 3* T&RH 3* PIR Occupancy 1* CO 2 Occupancy assessment EPC, Green Deal Building Properties Enfield 10 Portsmouth 10 Nottingham 13
First Winter data analysis – Internal Temperature Block 3 Temperature 25 20 15 Measured Internal Temperature 10 5 янв-15 апр-15 Temeperature k. Wh/day 0 окт-14 Date авг-15 ноя-15
Heat Maps Block 3 Ineffective storage heaters Block 1 Consistently low temperatures Block 2 All day high temperatures
First Winter data analysis Heat Loss Parameter W/m²K Rd. SAP Data Quality Score P 1 2. 23 2. 32 60% P 2 2. 15 2. 32 81% P 3 1. 55 46% P 4 1. 50 1. 55 61% P 5 2. 58 3. 00 75% Mean 2. 00 Standard Deviation 0. 47 Rd. SAP: 2. 15 Heat Loss Parameter W/m²K Data Quality Score N 1 1. 58 Mean 1. 58 Rd. SAP: 2. 92 Standard Deviation N/A 40%
Block 3 Electricity Use 70 60 Actual Electricity Use 50 40 30 Rd. SAP Electricity Use 20 10 15 т- 5 15 ок н- г-1 се 5 ав н- л 1 ию 15 5 й 1 ию 15 р- ма 5 ап р1 15 ма ев - 15 в- ф ян де к- яно 14 0 14 Electricity Use Per day (k. Wh) First Winter data analysis - Electricity use Electricity Use per day (KWh) Block 2 Electricity Use 60 50 Measured, Pre Insulation 40 30 Measured Post Insulation 20 Rd. SAP Pre Insulation 10 Rd. SAP Post Insulation 0 янв фев мар апр май июниюл авг сен окт ноя Date Below predicted energy use, likely to lead to poor returns from insulation
First Winter data analysis - Occupancy 0, 9 High occupancy – doesn’t equate to high energy use 0, 8 0, 7 0, 5 Weekdays 0, 4 Weekends 0, 3 0, 2 0, 1 0 0: 00 1: 00 2: 00 3: 00 4: 00 5: 00 6: 00 7: 00 8: 00 9: 00 10: 00 11: 00 12: 00 13: 00 14: 00 15: 00 16: 00 17: 00 18: 00 19: 00 20: 00 21: 00 22: 00 23: 00 % Occuapncy 0, 6 Time of Day
Second Winter data Analysis Internal Temperatures - Block 1 Pre-retrofit Would you generally describe the temperature in your home as… m ar w ar fo nc C C om om C fo rta bl bl y y w rta fo y bl rta fo om m bl e ol co co y bl rta U U 10 fo 15 0 om 20 nc Before-retrofit average temperature After-retrofit average temperature Before-retrofit external temperature 1 ld 25 5 0 Post-retrofit Would you generally describe the temperature in your home as……. Mar 4 3 2 1 . . . nc U fo om C om rta fo bl y rta w bl y ar bl e om rta fo om C C bl y fo rta co c. ol . . 0 y Consistently higher internal temperatures within CIBSE Comfort Criteria Better Occupancy feedback Minimal overheating bl - Feb rta - Jan fo Dec U nc om Monthly average temperaute [°C] 30 2 om No. of responses Block 1: pre and post retrofit
Pre-retrofit Would you generally describe the temperature in your home as… 35 No. of responses 4 30 Beforeretrofit average temperature After-retrofit average temperature m ar m w ar rta bl om bl y y w rta fo fo C C nc om om y rta bl fo C U 3 2 1 . . . nc U om om fo rta fo bl y rta w bl y a. bl e fo rta C fo om C om rta bl rta y bl y co ol . . . 0 fo Similar temperatures Better occupancy feedback Minimal overheating Pre-retrofit Would you generally describe the temperature in your home as. . . om Mar U Feb No. of responses Jan nc Dec - om om nc 0 fo rta co fo rta 5 bl e ld 0 bl y 10 1 ol 15 2 C 20 3 co 25 U Monthly average temperaute [°C] Second Winter data Analysis Internal Temperatures - Block 2
CO 2 Levels – Block 1 Pre Retrofit CO 2 Ref 14 13 12 11 10 6 5 3 2 Average Max Value (ppm) 1, 830 3, 050 1, 480 1, 730 3, 430 3, 750 2, 730 2, 000 2, 920 2, 640 > 1, 000 ppm 12. 3% 47. 9% 1. 5% 29. 0% 49. 0% 32. 9% 41. 1% 20. 1% 46. 6% 33. 5% > 1, 500 ppm 2. 0% 17. 7% 0. 0% 1. 5% 21. 9% 11. 4% 14. 1% 1. 5% 19. 9% 11. 0% > 2, 000 ppm 0. 0% 3. 3% 0. 0% 7. 9% 3. 5% 0. 0% 5. 0% 2. 9% Post Retrofit CO 2 Ref 13 11 10 6 3 2 Average 2540 2460 2510 2540 1150 2540 2, 290 > 1, 000 ppm 46. 6% 8. 5% 7. 2% 9. 8% 2. 4% 31. 5% 17. 7% > 1, 500 ppm 6. 4% 0. 6% 0. 4% 1. 3% 0. 0% 5. 2% 2. 3% > 2, 000 ppm 0. 4% 0. 0% 0. 2% 0. 0% 0. 3% 0. 2% Max Value (ppm) • • • Post retrofit shows better maximum CO 2 levels Poor CO 2 can impact concentration, headaches and drowsiness May indicate regular window opening – lower energy savings
CO 2 Levels – Block 2 Pre Retrofit CO 2 Ref 10 5 3 Average Maximum CO 2 ppm 1, 430 1, 130 6, 970 3, 180 > 1, 000 ppm 1. 6% 0. 13% 51. 1% 17. 6% > 1, 500 ppm 0. 0% 22. 0% 7. 3% > 2, 000 ppm 0. 0% 10. 9% 3. 6% Post Retrofit CO 2 Ref 10 9 7 5 4 2 Average Maximum CO 2 ppm 1, 640 6, 430 1, 290 1, 210 1, 760 2, 210 2, 420 > 1, 000 ppm 3. 4% 70. 7% 0. 6% 0. 3% 8. 7% 7. 4% 15. 2% > 1, 500 ppm 0. 1% 40. 7% 0. 0% 0. 68% 0. 2% 6. 9% > 2, 000 ppm 0. 0% 26. 8% 0. 0% 0. 2% 4. 5% • • • Post retrofit shows similar CO 2 levels and high Two properties had CO 2 levels close to HSE’s workplace exposure limit of >5, 000 for more than 8 hours CO 2 levels highest 5 am suggesting living used as bedroom
Humidity - Block 1 CIBSE Guide A recommends that relative-humidity should be in the range of 40 -70%. Percentage of hours where average hourly humidity exceeded 70% Before Retrofit After Retrofit N 12 1. 0% NA N 11 7. 8% 8. 7% N 10 4. 1% NA N 9 0. 2% N 8 7. 3% 0. 0% N 7 13. 5% 0. 1% N 5 6. 8% NA N 4 8. 0% 0. 0% N 3 82. 9% 0. 6% N 2 23. 0% 0. 0% N 1 15. 4% 0. 2% Average 15. 5% 1. 2% Percentage of hours where average hourly humidity below 40% Before Retrofit After Retrofit • • • N 12 N 11 N 10 N 9 N 8 N 7 N 5 N 4 N 3 N 2 N 1 Average 9. 7% 10. 5% 0. 7% 2. 1% 0. 0% 0. 2% 5. 2% 0. 0% 2. 6% NA 3. 3% NA 15. 6% 5. 5% NA 6. 6% 0. 0% 21. 7% 26. 7% 10. 6% High humidity within the property has dropped significantly. Humidity drop is likely to lead to a significant improvement in condensation risk, mould growth and high humidity associated health issues. Low humidity has increased.
Humidity - Block 2 CIBSE Guide A recommends that relative-humidity should be in the range of 40 -70%. Percentage of hours where average hourly humidity exceeded 70% E 9 E 8 E 7 E 6 E 5 E 4 E 3 Before Retrofit 19. 5% 0. 0% 1. 5% 0. 0% Average NA E 2 3. 5% NA After Retrofit 2. 0% NA 0. 0% 0. 5% 0. 0% 3. 0% 0. 5% Percentage of hours where average hourly humidity below 40% E 9 E 8 E 7 E 6 E 5 E 4 E 3 E 2 Average Before Retrofit 8. 0% 81. 9% 85. 6% 30. 3% 53. 9% 36. 0% 32. 1% 3. 3% 41. 4% After Retrofit 48. 3% NA 88. 8% 5. 8% 33. 8% 44. 1% NA NA 44. 2% Humidity within the property is almost unchanged but often below 40%
Mould risk Block 2 before-retrofit Have you noticed any mould on the walls/ceilings? Block 1 Pre-retrofit Have you noticed any mould on the walls/ceiling? 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Yes No Don’t know Block 2 post-retrofit Last winter did you notice any mould on the walls or ceilings? Block 1 after-retrofit Last winter did you notice any mould on the walls or ceilings? 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Yes • • No Don't know Mould risk dramatically reduced Only mould in flat above unheated space Yes • • No Don't know Mould risk reduced Only mould in flat above unheated space (with high internal temperatures)
Energy use – Block 2 Cost per flat (Post) Saving per flat Percentage saving Meter 1 G, 1, 2, 3 £ 884 £ 423 £ 1, 150 £ 1, 070 £ 80 7. 0% Meter 2 4, 5, 6 £ 884 £ 423 £ 1, 200 £ 700 £ 530 43. 0% Meter 3 7, 8, 9 £ 884 £ 423 £ 1, 400 £ 1, 040 £ 380 26. 4% Meter 4 10, 11, 12 £ 884 £ 423 £ 1, 000 £ 920 £ 120 11. 7% Average £ 884 £ 423 £ 1, 260 £ 970 £ 280 21. 8% Total building £ 44, 500 £ 21, 150 £ 60, 300 £ 46, 500 £ 13, 800 21. 8% 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 ноя-15 окт-15 сен-15 авг-15 июл-15 июн-15 май-15 апр-15 мар-15 фев-15 0 янв-15 Energy saving 22% Pre retrofit - 34% worse than Rd. SAP Post retrofit – 134% worse than Rd. SAP Partly due to high internal temperatures Likely to be due to open windows. дек-14 • • • Monthly CO 2 Variation мар-16 Cost per flat (Pre) фев-16 Post Rd. SAP cost per flat (mid) дек-15 Pre Rd. SAP cost per flat (mid) янв-16 Floors
Retrofit summary – Block 1: – More comfortable, – Better air quality – Low mould risk – Block 2: – Minimal to internal temperature, energy bills or air quality change – Savings not materialised due to poor heating system
- Slides: 18