Brazilian Political Parties The Struggle to Institutionalize Brazilian
Brazilian Political Parties The Struggle to Institutionalize
Brazilian Territory
Attitude toward Getulio Vargas as the divide Pro Vargas ◦ PTB (Brazilian Workers’ Party) top down ◦ PSD` Anti Vargas ◦ UDN (National Democratic Union) Personalism ◦ Ademar de Barros (Sao Paulo) Social Progressive Party Political Parties in Second Wave Democracy (1946 -66)
Political Parties Under the Military Government: First Phase Elections of 1966: Vargas Parties Win Military Dictates Two Party System ◦ ARENA ◦ MDB
Modifications of November 1981 ◦ Brizola & PDT ◦ PT (Workers’ Party) and the metal workers (LULA) ◦ Ivette Vargas – PTB (not same as earlier PTB) Split in Arena leads to election of Trancredo Neves Military Regime Loses Control of Party System
Jose Sarney (1985 -1990) ◦ Leader of ARENA in the senate throughout most of military regime ◦ Godfather of Northeast Brazil ◦ Split from government party to form PFL (Liberal Front) PMBD (suspicious of Sarney but wanted patronage) Military Regime Regains Control
Cruzado Plan brings economic stability and legitimizes Sarney November 1986 election ◦ PMDB captures 22 governorships ◦ PMDB controls constitutional convention Sarney’s backing away from Cruzado Plan discredits PMDB/PFL governing coalition Transition to Competitive Party Politics
Presidential Elections 1989/90 Round 1 Left: Lula (PT) eclipses Brizola (PDT) Right: Collor unifies the right with the help of the media
Presidential Elections 1989/90 Round 2 Collor defeats Lula Collor Flies high & crashes
PT ◦ National organization ◦ Tied to labor union movement PDT ◦ Regionally based (Rio de Janeiro/South) ◦ Remnants of Vargas organizations PSB ◦ Leftist intellectuals Brazilian Political Parties: After Collor: Left
Political Parties after Collor: The Brazilian Center ◦ PSDB (Brazilian Social Democratic Party Social Democratic ideology (center-left, similar to Democratic Party in the USA) Formed in 1988 from PMDB dissidents Led by Henrique Cardoso ◦ PMDB Successor to MDB Tied to state political machines Strongly personalist
Brazilian Political Parties after Collor: Center Right PTB (different than pre-1964 PTB) ◦ Reorganized by Ivete Vargas in 1981 PFL (Liberal Front Party) ◦ Split in Arena to back candidacy of Trancredo Neves PPB (Brazilian Progressive Party) ◦ formed in 1995 ◦ Some ruminants of ARENA
1994 Presidential Election Itamar Franco as a caretaker president ◦ ◦ Another accidental presidency Fernando Henrique Cardoso as architect of economic recovery {Real Plan} Voting in 1994 ◦ One Round Only Cardoso 54% Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 27%
President Fernando Henrique Carsodo Rio de Janeiro native Son of an Army officer Spent much of the military regime in exile
Fernando Reelected Henrique Cardoso ◦ One Round Only Luis Inacio “Lula” de Silva 32% Cardoso 53% Winning coalition ◦ Social Democrats (PSDB) ◦ Liberal Front (PFL) party of Jose Sarney ◦ Labor Party (PTB) party of Ivette Vargas Presidential Election of 1998
1998 Election Results
Presidential Election of 2002 Winner: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Birthplace: Caetes, Pernambuco (27 October 1945 Family migrated to Sao Paulo Political Party (PT) Coalition Partners : PC do B, PRB, PMDB, PL, PSB, PP, PMN
Summary of the 6 October and 27 October 2002 Brazil presidential election results Candidates Votes %1 st round 2 nd round Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva 39, 436, 099 2, 772, 475 61. 3 PL, PC do B, PMN, PCB, PV) Jose Serra (PSDB, PMDB, PP) Anthony Garotinho (PSB, PGT , PCB) 19, 694, 843 15, 176, 204 23. 2 17. 9 Votes 46. 4 33, 356. 860 % (PT, 38. 7
Geraldo Alckmin: Opposition to Lula Candidate of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) Resigned from his position as governor of Sao Paulo to run for president 2006 Presidential Election
2006 Presidential Election: Lula again – two rounds
2010 -Presidential Debate: Round 1
Lula Backs Dilma 1000%
Presidential candidate Running mate First Round October 3 Popular vote Absolute Percentage Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) 47, 651, 434 46. 91% José Serra (PSDB) Indio da Costa (DEM) 33, 132, 283 32. 61% Marina Silva (PV) Guilherme Leal (PV) 19, 636, 359 19. 33% Plínio de Arruda Sampaio (PSOL) Hamilton Assis (PSOL 886, 816 0. 87% José Maria Eymael (PSDC) José Paulo da Silva Neto (PSDC) 89, 350 0. 09% José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) Cláudia Durans (PSTU) 84, 609 0. 08% Levy Fidélix (PRTB) Luiz Eduardo Ayres Duarte (PRTB) 57, 960 0. 06% Ivan Pinheiro (PCB) Edmilson Costa (PCB) 39, 136 0. 04% Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Edson Dorta Silva (PCO) 12, 206 0. 01% 101, 590, 153 91. 36% 3, 479, 340 3. 13% 6, 124, 254 5. 51% Valid votes → Blank votes → Null votes Total votes → Abstention Electorate 111, 193, 747 81. 88% 24, 610, 296 18. 12% 135, 804, 433 100. 00%
Dilma Rousseff José Serra PT PSDB Minas Gerais São Paulo Running mate Michel Temer Indio da Costa States carried 15 + DF 11 Popular vote 55, 752, 483 43, 711, 162 56. 05% 43. 95% Nominee Party Home state Percentage Round 2 Presidential – 2010
Geographic Distribution of Support: Round 2 – Presidential 2010
Hundreds of supporters celebrate Dilma Rousseff's victory on Paulista Avenue in São Paulo
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