Brainstem Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata nuclei of CN
Brainstem Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata ■ nuclei of CN III - XII ■ connection to the cerebellum ■ large reticular formation
CN III CN IV, V CN VI, VIII CN IX, X, XI CN XII Ventral aspect
■ IV. ventricle ■ roof of the IV. ventricle: velum medullare sup. fastigium velum medullare inf. = tela choroidea ventriculi IV. (ependyma + pia mater) + vessels → plexus choroideus Dorsal aspect ■ CN IV
■ floor of the IV. ventricle Fossa rhomboidea Dorsal aspect
Structure of the brainstem Spinal cord A A B B Pons A B B A
Functional zones of the brainstem SA Afferents from senses GSA Sulcus limitans alar basal GVA GVE GSE BE Inervation of muscles (from branchial arches)
Gray matter of the brainstem ■ nuclei of dorsal columns ■ nuclei of cranial nerves ■ nuclei of RF ■ nuclei connected to the cerebellum ■ motor nuclei of the brainstem White matter of the brainstem ■ ascending tracts ■ descending tracts from the cortex and brainstem
Sensory Motor (afferent) (efferent) GSE CN III, IV, VI, XII BE CN V, VII, IX, X, XI Ncl. ambiguus GVE CN III, VII, IX, X GVA CN VII, IX, X Ncl. solitarius GSA CN VII, IX, X + VIII Ncl. gustatorius
Medulla oblongata CN IX, X, XII
Pars inferior fossae rhomboideae
Medulla oblongata Caudal section Rostral section
Caudal section ncl + f gracilis ncl + f cuneatus ncl + tr solit ncl o (p) CN X er -c a lat sp Decussatio pyramidum FR co-sp rusp e, re re-sp , t h te-s -t p p s v-s ncl o CN XII p ncl + tr sp CN V co- sp ncl o CN X+XI
Rostral section ncl+tr sol ncll vest ncl cuneatus tr. cuneo-cer Ped. cer. inf. ncl o (p) CN IX ncl o CN XII FLD ncl+tr sp CN V tr. te-sp LM ncl o CN IX r-s- CN IX sp -c v-s tr. olivo-cer tr. co-sp ncll olivares CN XII
Pons Varoli CN V, VII, VIII
Pars media et superior fossae rhomboideae
Pons Varoli Caudal section Rostral section
Caudal section ncl o (p) CN VII ncl o CN VI FLD tr. te-sp tr. ru-sp Corp. trapezoid. LM ncll. vestib. ncl gust. ncl+tr sp CN V tr. sp-ce ant ncl o CN VII LL ncll. cochl. CN VII ncll pontis tr. co-sp CN VI
r ce d. pe p su Rostral section FLD LM LL ncl s p CN V tr. co-sp ped. ce ncll pontis rm ed tr. te-sp tr. ru-sp ncl+tr m CN V ncl o CN V
Mesencephalon CN IV CN III
Mesencephalon ■ crura cerebri ■ tegmentum ■ tectum
Caudal section Rostral section
CN IV ncl coll inf LL ncl m CN V ncl o CN IV FLD LM oc, p, t-po tr. te-sp tr. ru-sp su ni bs gr ta a nt ia Caudal section co-ncl co-sp co-ncl fr-po
ncl coll sup Rostral section Aq. cerebri FLD ncl o CN III ncl o (p) CN III LL tr. ru-sp CN III su ni bs gr ta a nt ia tr. te-sp ncl rub er LM oc, p, t-po concl co -sp co -n frcl po
Reticular formation ■ between aferent and motor systems ■ spinal cord – diencephalon 2 1 Nuclei of RF 3 1 median, single (raphe system) 2 medial, paired 3 lateral, paired Olivary ncll. Red ncl.
Function ■ Somatic motor control ■ Pattern generation ■ Vital centers (circulation, respiration) ■ Blood pressure control ■ Respiratory rythm ■ Bladder control ■ Conveys somatic and visceral information to the cerebellum ■ Sleeping and waking ( Ascending Reticular Activating System) ■ Pain modulation
Illustrations were copied from: Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/ Sobotta. Putz, R. , und Pabst, R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993 Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2. 0
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