Brainstem Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata nuclei of CN

Brainstem Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata ■ nuclei of CN III - XII ■ connection to the cerebellum ■ large reticular formation

CN III CN IV, V CN VI, VIII CN XII, IX, X CN XI Ventral aspect

■ IV. ventricle ■ roof of the IV. ventricle: velum medullare sup. fastigium velum medullare inf. = tela choroidea ventriculi IV. (ependyma + pia mater) + vessels → plexus choroideus Dorsal aspect ■ CN IV

■ floor of the IV. ventricle Fossa rhomboidea Dorsal aspect

Structure of the brainstem Spinal cord A A B B Pons A B B A

Functional zones of the brainstem SA Afferents from senses GSA Sulcus limitans alar basal GVA GVE GSE BE Inervation of muscles (from branchial arches)

Gray matter of the brainstem ■ nuclei of dorsal columns ■ nuclei of cranial nerves ■ nuclei of RF ■ nuclei connected to the cerebellum ■ motor nuclei of the brainstem White matter of the brainstem ■ ascending tracts ■ descending tracts from the cortex and brainstem

Sensory Motor (afferent) (efferent) GSE CN III, IV, VI, XII BE CN V, VII, IX, X, XI Ncl. ambiguus GVE CN III, VII, IX, X GVA CN VII, IX, X Ncl. solitarius GSA CN VII, IX, X + VIII Ncl. gustatorius

Medulla oblongata Caudal section Rostral section

ncl + f gracilis Caudal section ncl + f cuneatus ncl + tr solit FLM -c co-sp l sp ncl o CN XI rusp e, re re-sp , t N. access. h te-s -t p p s a Decussatio pyramidum FR v-s ncl o CN XII p ncl o (p) CNX er ncl + tr sp CN V co- sp ant

Rostral section ncl+tr sol ncll vest ncl cuneatus tr. cuneo-cer Ped. cer. inf. ncl o (p) CN IX ncl o CN XII FLD FLM tr. te-sp LM ncl+tr sp CNV ncl o CN IX r-s- CN IX sp -c v-s tr. bulb-cer tr. olivo-cer tr. co-sp ncll olivares CN XII

Pons Varoli CN V, VII, VIII

Pons Varoli Caudal section Rostral section

Caudal section ncl o (p) CN VII ncl o CN VI FLD FLM tr. te-sp tr. ru-sp LM Corp. trapezoid. ncll. vestib. ncl+tr solit. gust. ncl+tr sp CN V tr. sp-ce ant ncl o CN VII LL ncll. cochl. CN VII ncll pontis tr. co-sp CN VI

r ce d. pe p su Rostral section LM LL ncl s p CN V tr. co-sp ped. ce ncll pontis rm ed FLD FLM tr. te-sp tr. ru-sp ncl+tr m CN V ncl o CN V

Mesencephalon ■ crura cerebri ■ tegmentum ■ tectum

Caudal section Rostral section

CN IV ncl coll inf LL ncl m CN V ncl o CN IV FLM FLD LM oc, p, t-po tr. te-sp tr. ru-sp ncl interped. su ni bs gr ta a nt ia Caudal section co-ncl co-sp co-ncl fr-po

ncl coll sup Rostral section Aq. cerebri FLD ncl o CN III ncl o (p) CN III LL tr. ru-sp CN III su ni bs gr ta a nt ia tr. te-sp ncl rub er LM oc, p, t-po concl co -sp co -n frcl po

Reticular formation ■ between aferent and motor systems ■ spinal cord – diencephalon 2 1 Nuclei of RF 4 3 1 median, single (raphe system) 2 medial, paired 3 lateral, paired 4 precerebellar, paired

Function ■ Somatic motor control ■ Pattern generation ■ Vital centers (circulation, respiration) ■ Blood pressure control ■ Respiratory rythm ■ Bladder control ■ Conveys somatic and visceral information to the cerebellum ■ Sleeping and waking ( Ascending Reticular Activating System) ■ Pain modulation