Brain stem Dr Mohamed Abdel Salam Nurein Anatomy

Brain stem Dr. Mohamed Abdel. Salam Nurein Anatomy – Medicine - Karary Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Parts § § § Midbrain Pons Medulla oblogata Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Functions § Conduit function – Transmits LMN to muscle of the head & face – Second order neurons form head & face § Cranial nerves functions – special sense e. g. taste & hearing – equilibrium § Integrative functions – Motor patterns of respiration Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Blood Supply § Vertebral artery – Posterior inferior cerebellar artery. It supply choroid plexus in 4 th ventricle & adjacent medulla oblongata § Basilar artery – Anterior inferior cerebellar artery. It supply upper medulla & lower pons – Numerous branches to pons and internal ear – Superior cerebellar artery. Supply lower midbrain – Posterior cerebral artery supply upper midbrain Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Medulla Oblongata • Rostral continuation of spinal cord • Before the level of 4 th ventricle is closed medulla • At level of 4 th ventricle open medulla • Groove on the surface similar to spinal cord Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Internal Structure • • • At junction with spinal cord Disappearance of anterior horn of spinal cord. Pyramid starts to appear anteriorly near midline Posterior horn disappear Appearance of spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract • Fibers of hypoglossal nerve • Pyramidal decussation Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Spin. Trigemin. T&N Reticular formation Pyramid Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Nucli. gracilis Nucleus cuneatus Medial leminiscus Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

MLF XII I. C. P M. L Inf. olive Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Cranial Nerves • • • XII, X, Spinal nucleus of trigeminal (V) Nucleus ambiguus and solitarious Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of VIII. Inferior salivatory nucleus Respiratory centre Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Inferior olive • Receive input from – – – Various areas from cortex Deep nuclei (basal ganglia) Red nucleus. Brain stem reticular formation cerebellum Spinal cord • Output – Cerebellum via ICP – Other olivary nucleus Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Pons • Literary means bridge • Contains crossing fibers to cerebellum via MCP • cranial nerve nuclei V, VII • Other nuclei, superior salivatory nucleus • Thermoregulatory centre Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Midbrain • Contains inferior colliculus part of auditory path. • Contains superior colliculus part of visual path. • red nucleus • Cranial nerves nuclei III, IV, part of sensory nucleus of V Dr. Mohd. A/Salam

Dr. Mohd. A/Salam