brain spine Coverings of the Brain Meninges skin
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![brain spine brain spine](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-2.jpg)
brain spine
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![Coverings of the Brain. Meninges skin skull dura mater arachnoid layer pia mater cerebral Coverings of the Brain. Meninges skin skull dura mater arachnoid layer pia mater cerebral](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-6.jpg)
Coverings of the Brain. Meninges skin skull dura mater arachnoid layer pia mater cerebral cortex
![Menenges: 1. Covers and protects CNS 2. Protects blood vessels and encloses venus sinuses Menenges: 1. Covers and protects CNS 2. Protects blood vessels and encloses venus sinuses](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-7.jpg)
Menenges: 1. Covers and protects CNS 2. Protects blood vessels and encloses venus sinuses 3. Contains CSF 4. Forms partition within the skull
![Cerebruspinal Fluid Brain Ventricles CSF Spinal Cord Rt. Ventricle Lf. Ventricle Anterior View Saggital Cerebruspinal Fluid Brain Ventricles CSF Spinal Cord Rt. Ventricle Lf. Ventricle Anterior View Saggital](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-8.jpg)
Cerebruspinal Fluid Brain Ventricles CSF Spinal Cord Rt. Ventricle Lf. Ventricle Anterior View Saggital View
![Ventricles Ventricles](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-9.jpg)
Ventricles
![CSF • 150 ml in adult • contains: glucose, proteins, lactic acid, urea, cations, CSF • 150 ml in adult • contains: glucose, proteins, lactic acid, urea, cations,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-10.jpg)
CSF • 150 ml in adult • contains: glucose, proteins, lactic acid, urea, cations, anions, WBC Functions: 1. Reduces wt. of brain by 97% 2. Prevents head injury 3. Supplies brain with nutrition 4. Transports hormones along ventricular channels
![Occipital Lobe Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe The Cerebrum Temporal Lobe Brainstem The Brain Cerebellum Occipital Lobe Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe The Cerebrum Temporal Lobe Brainstem The Brain Cerebellum](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-11.jpg)
Occipital Lobe Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe The Cerebrum Temporal Lobe Brainstem The Brain Cerebellum
![cerebrum corpus callosum thalamus hypothalamus Pineal gland cerebellum pituitary pons spinal cord medulla oblongata cerebrum corpus callosum thalamus hypothalamus Pineal gland cerebellum pituitary pons spinal cord medulla oblongata](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-12.jpg)
cerebrum corpus callosum thalamus hypothalamus Pineal gland cerebellum pituitary pons spinal cord medulla oblongata
![Cerebrum • • Involved with higher brain functions. Processes sensory information. Initiates motor functions. Cerebrum • • Involved with higher brain functions. Processes sensory information. Initiates motor functions.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-13.jpg)
Cerebrum • • Involved with higher brain functions. Processes sensory information. Initiates motor functions. Integrates information.
![Cerebrum Cross-Section cerebral cortex white matter corpus callosum basal ganglia ventricles Cerebrum Cross-Section cerebral cortex white matter corpus callosum basal ganglia ventricles](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-14.jpg)
Cerebrum Cross-Section cerebral cortex white matter corpus callosum basal ganglia ventricles
![Motor, Sensory & Association Cortex Motor, Sensory & Association Cortex](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-15.jpg)
Motor, Sensory & Association Cortex
![Primary Sensory Cortex Primary Sensory Cortex](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-16.jpg)
Primary Sensory Cortex
![Primary Motor Cortex Primary Motor Cortex](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-17.jpg)
Primary Motor Cortex
![Right-Left Specialization of the Cerebrum left side – language development – mathematical & learning Right-Left Specialization of the Cerebrum left side – language development – mathematical & learning](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-18.jpg)
Right-Left Specialization of the Cerebrum left side – language development – mathematical & learning capabilities – sequential thought processes right side – visual spatial skills – musical and artistic activities – intuitive abilities
![Diencephalon hypothalamus pituitary Diencephalon hypothalamus pituitary](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-19.jpg)
Diencephalon hypothalamus pituitary
![Diencephalon Diencephalon](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-20.jpg)
Diencephalon
![Thalamus • Relay center for sensory tracts from the spinal cord to the cerebrum. Thalamus • Relay center for sensory tracts from the spinal cord to the cerebrum.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-21.jpg)
Thalamus • Relay center for sensory tracts from the spinal cord to the cerebrum. • Contains centers for sensation of pain, temperature, and touch. • Involved with emotions and alerting or arousal mechanisms.
![The Reticular Formation The Reticular Formation](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-22.jpg)
The Reticular Formation
![Hypothalamus Regulates: • autonomic control center- blood pressure, rate and force of heart contraction, Hypothalamus Regulates: • autonomic control center- blood pressure, rate and force of heart contraction,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-23.jpg)
Hypothalamus Regulates: • autonomic control center- blood pressure, rate and force of heart contraction, center for emotional response and behavior • body temperature • water balance and thirst • sleep/wake cycles • appetite • sexual arousal • control of endocrine functioning: Acts on the pituitary gland through the release of neurosecretions.
![Hypothalamus Hypothalamus](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-24.jpg)
Hypothalamus
![The Limbic System The Limbic System](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-25.jpg)
The Limbic System
![Midbrain • • • Contains ascending and descending tracts to the cerebrum and thalamus. Midbrain • • • Contains ascending and descending tracts to the cerebrum and thalamus.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-26.jpg)
Midbrain • • • Contains ascending and descending tracts to the cerebrum and thalamus. Reflex center for eye muscles. Also involved with processing visual and auditory information (connects head movements with visual and auditory stimuli).
![Pons • Connects the two halves of the cerebellum. • Regulates breathing. Pons • Connects the two halves of the cerebellum. • Regulates breathing.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-27.jpg)
Pons • Connects the two halves of the cerebellum. • Regulates breathing.
![Medulla Oblongata • Composed of nerve tracts to and from the brain (these tracts Medulla Oblongata • Composed of nerve tracts to and from the brain (these tracts](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-28.jpg)
Medulla Oblongata • Composed of nerve tracts to and from the brain (these tracts cross over left to right and right to left) • May be regarded as an extension of the spinal cord • Almost all of the cranial nerves arise from this region
![Medulla Oblongata Contains control centers for many subconscious activities • Respiratory rate • Heart Medulla Oblongata Contains control centers for many subconscious activities • Respiratory rate • Heart](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-29.jpg)
Medulla Oblongata Contains control centers for many subconscious activities • Respiratory rate • Heart rate • Arteriole constriction • Swallowing • Hiccupping • Coughing • Sneezing
![Cerebellum • Controls and coordinates muscular activity. • Important in equilibrium, posture and movement. Cerebellum • Controls and coordinates muscular activity. • Important in equilibrium, posture and movement.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-30.jpg)
Cerebellum • Controls and coordinates muscular activity. • Important in equilibrium, posture and movement.
![On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fat Voracious German Viewed A Hop 1. 2. On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fat Voracious German Viewed A Hop 1. 2.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-31.jpg)
On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fat Voracious German Viewed A Hop 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Olfactory- smell Optic- vision Oculomotor- 4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles Trochlear- extrinsic eye muscles Trigeminal- sensory fibers to the face and motor fibers to the chewing muscles 6. Abducens- controls eye muscles that turn the eye laterally 7. Facial- facial expression 8. Vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance 9. Glosopharyngeal- tongue and pharynx 10. Vagus- from medulla- acetylcholine slows heart & breathing 11. Accessory- accessory part of vagus nerve 12. Hypoglossal- moves muscles under tongue
![Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-32.jpg)
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal
![Olfactory tract Olfactory bulb Filaments of olfactory nerve Olfactory receptor cell Olfactory tract Olfactory bulb Filaments of olfactory nerve Olfactory receptor cell](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-33.jpg)
Olfactory tract Olfactory bulb Filaments of olfactory nerve Olfactory receptor cell
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![Traumatic Brain Injuries • Concussion • Contusion • Subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage • Contrecoup Traumatic Brain Injuries • Concussion • Contusion • Subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage • Contrecoup](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-45.jpg)
Traumatic Brain Injuries • Concussion • Contusion • Subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage • Contrecoup injury
![Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs) • • • Ischemia Thrombus Embolism Arteriosclerosis Stroke Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs) • • • Ischemia Thrombus Embolism Arteriosclerosis Stroke](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-46.jpg)
Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs) • • • Ischemia Thrombus Embolism Arteriosclerosis Stroke
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![Degenerative brain diseases • • Alzheimer’s Down’s Parkinson’s Huntington’s Chorea MS Epilepsy Schizophrenia Degenerative brain diseases • • Alzheimer’s Down’s Parkinson’s Huntington’s Chorea MS Epilepsy Schizophrenia](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-48.jpg)
Degenerative brain diseases • • Alzheimer’s Down’s Parkinson’s Huntington’s Chorea MS Epilepsy Schizophrenia
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![PET Scans F-Dopa deficiency PET Scans F-Dopa deficiency](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/cad3b43da45993960a6c93de34348625/image-50.jpg)
PET Scans F-Dopa deficiency
- Slides: 50