Brain CNS Development Embryonic developmental divisions of the

Brain

CNS Development

Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain Primary vesicle Secondary vesicle telencephalon Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon Derivatives Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus mesencephalon Midbrain metencephalon Cerebellum Pons myelencephalon Medulla oblongata

Regions of the Brain · Cerebral hemispheres · Diencephalon · Brain stem · Cerebellum

SPINAL CORD The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. 45 cm in male. 43 cm in female. Upper end: • foramen magnum Lower end: • • • 3 month of embryo: length of SC= length of spinal canal Birth day : L 3 Adult: L 1 -L 2

External Surface Anteromedian fissure Posteromedian sulcus Anterolateral sulcus Posterolateral sulcus Enlargement • Cervical enlargement: C 4 - T 1 • Lumbosacral enlargement E: L 2 - S 3

Spinal nerve

• Root dorsal, ventral • Nerve • Ramus/Brunch anterior, posterior

Spinal nerve Conus Medullaris (L 1 -2) Cauda Equina Anterior median fissure Anterolateral fissure

Posterior surface of the spinal cord Posterior median sulcus Posterolateral sulcus Posterior intermediate sulcus Fasciculus cuneatus Fasciculus gracilis

Correlation between spinal nerve & sympatic chain

Meninges

Lumbar Puncture – lumbar (terminal) cistern

Cistern

Lumbar Puncture – lumbar (terminal) cistern

Denticulate lig

Internal structure of spinal cord

• Grey matter • White matter

Gray matter • Anterior Horn • Posterior Horn • Lateral Horn

White matter Posterior funiculus (Between post-lateral and post-medial sulcus) • Gracilis • Cuneatus Lateral funiculus (Between Post and ant root of spinal nerve) Anterior funiculus (Between ant. intermediate sulcus and ant root of spinal nerve)

Difference between Light and touch: 1. 2 th neuron of Light in posterior horn Discriminative in Gracilis and Cuneatus 2. Decussation of Light in spinal Discriminative in medulla 3. Ascending in Light by ventrolateral tract Discriminative by posterior tract