Bovine tuberculosis in the Czech Republic Ivo Pavlik

Bovine tuberculosis in the Czech Republic Ivo Pavlik Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

400 th. cows 80 th. sheep 20 th. goats 18 th. horses Czech Republic Prague Brno 10 mil. inhabitants, 78 th. km 2

Tuberculins used in the Czech Republic since 1. 1. 2002 BOVITUBAL: M. bovis AN 5 28 000 TU/ml (0. 1 ml) AVITUBAL: M. a. avium D 4, ER (IS 901) comparative test 28 000 TU/ml (0. 1 ml) single test in birds 28 000 TU/ml (0. 1 ml) Since 1. 1. 2005 skin test is used only by before the transportation of animals Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Skin testing of cattle with bovine tuberculin in the Czech Republic (1992– 1999) No. of tested animals 2 500 000 2. 24 mil 1. 87 1. 63 2 000 1. 54 1. 39 1 500 000 9. 35 7. 12 1 000 4. 69 500 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 Year Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Positive reactors with bovine tuberculin in the Czech Republic (1992– 1999) No. of positive animals 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Skin testing of cattle with avian tuberculin in the Czech Republic (1991– 1999) No. of tested animals 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Year 1996 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. 1997 1998 1999 http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Positive reactors with avian tuberculin in the Czech Republic (1991– 1999) No. of positive animals 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Year 1996 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. 1997 1998 1999 http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in other animals than cattle in the Czech Republic (1970 -1999) 45 40 35 Other animals than cattle ZOO animals 30 25 20 No. of animals 15 10 5 0 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Czech, 1998, 1980 221 -231. 19761978 198219841986198819901992199419961998 1970 Med. 19721974 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131. Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2003, 113 -125. Years

Origin of other animals than cattle infected by bovine tuberculosis in the Czech Republic (1975 -2003) 1 2. 4% ZOO animals 12 29. 3% 25 61. 0% Wild animals - Wild nature - Game park - Deer farm Animals in small herds 7. 3% 3 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 1998, 221 -231. Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131. Animal in circus

M. bovis in zoo animals in the Czech R. (1975 -2003) Species Jeopard Orang-utan Antelope Abyssinian Guareza Tyger Chimpanzee European deer Wolf Capybara Tapir Cassowary Bison Red deer Bactrian camel Total No. ZOO 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 A B C A B A C B A D D E F B G B 25 7 of animals Year 1975, 1980 1975 1983 1977 1978 1979 1980, 1981 1989 1987 1994, 1995 1994 1993 1999 2002

Occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in other animals than cattle in the Czech Republic (1970 -1999) 10 9 Other animals ZOO animals 8 7 6 5 4 No. of animals 3 2 1 0 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 1998, 221 -231. Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131.

Isolation of M. bovis from other animals besides cattle and zoo animals in the Czech R. (1975 -1999) Species No. of animals farmers Year Domestic horse Domestic pig 1 9 1 5 1976 1977, 1978, 1979, 1995 European deer 1 Mink Wild goat Camel 2 1 1 1 (wild nature) 1 (deer farm) 1 (wild nature) - (wild nature) 1 (circus) 1991 1999 1979 1991 1993 Total 16 1 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 1998, 221 -231. Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131.

Infected deer farm with M. caprae in the Czech Republic in 1999 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -5 -122. pdf

Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -5 -122. pdf

Kapybara

Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -5 -122. pdf

One farmed red deer infected with M. caprae in the Czech Republic in 1999 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -5 -122. pdf

Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 122 -131. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -5 -122. pdf

Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181 -194. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -7 -181. pdf

Occurrence of M. bovis spoligotypes from 1965 -2002 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181 -194. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -7 -181. pdf 1965 1966 1974 1989 1991 1992 1994 1995 1997 1999 2002 S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 Type strain S 5 S 6 S 7 The most common type Unique M. bovis caprae

Spoligotyping of M. bovis isolates from animals (1989 -2002) S 1 S 3 S 5 S 7 Chomutov (deer - 1991) M. bovis caprae East Prague (cattle - 1991) Prague (deer - 1999) (camel - 2002) ŽĎÁR n. S (cattle - 1995) Znojmo (cattle - 1994) Zlín (capybara) 1989 Levica (cattle - 1992) Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181 -194. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -7 -181. pdf

The last infected cattle herd in the Czech Republic was diagnosed in 1995 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251 -263. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -251. pdf

First infected cow „Big Red“ (14 years old) Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251 -263. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -251. pdf

Spread of M. b. caprae in an infected farm 10 Cows 6 Heifers 7 Bulls 6 Calves 29 Total M. b. caprae Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251 -263. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -251. pdf

Slaughtered cattle in the Czech Republic (19901999) No. of animals 1 200 000 1. 04 mil 0. 99 0. 94 1 000 0. 81 800 0. 70 0. 61 0. 58 0. 59 600 0. 53 0. 47 400 000 200 000 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Detection of tuberculous lesions in slaughtered cattle in the Czech Republic (1990 -1999) % of animals 0. 040 0. 030 0. 020 0. 010 0. 000 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Mycobacterial species isolated from tuberculous lesions from cattle (1990– 1999) No. of isolates 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 M. bovis MAC Other mycobacterial spp. Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 241 -250. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -241. pdf

Spoligotyping in Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. tuberculosis. M. caprae • PCR - oblast DR • hybridisatin M. microti M. africanum M. bovis Dvorska et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 309 -328. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/46 -12 -309. pdf

Spoligotypes of members of M. tuberculosis complex M. tuberculosis H 37 Rv M. africanum M. tuberculosis Manila genotype M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype M. bovis BCG M. bovis subsp. caprea M. tuberculosis seal genotype M. microti type vole M. microti type Ilama M. canetti Dvorska et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 309 -328. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/46 -12 -309. pdf

Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181 -194. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -7 -181. pdf

Occurrence of M. bovis spoligotypes from 1965 -2002 1965 1966 1974 1989 1991 1992 1994 1995 1997 1999 2002 S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 Type strain S 5 S 6 S 7 The most common type Unique M. caprae Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181 -194. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -7 -181. pdf

Ocurrence of M. caprae in Central Europe Erler et al. , J. Clin. Microbiol. , 2004, 42, 2234 -2238.

Spoligotyping of M. bovis isolates from animals (1989 - 2002) S 1 S 3 S 5 S 7 Chomutov (deer - 1991) M. caprae East Prague (cattle - 1991) Prague (deer - 1999) (camel - 2002) ŽĎÁR n. S (cattle - 1995) Znojmo (cattle - 1994) Zlín (capybara) 1989 Levica (cattle - 1992) Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 181 -194. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -7 -181. pdf

The last infected cattle herd in the Czech Republic was diagnosed in 1995 Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251 -263. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -251. pdf

First infected cow „Big Red“ (14 years old) Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251 -263. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -251. pdf

Spread of M. caprae in an infected farm 10 Cows 6 Heifers 7 Bulls 6 Calves 29 Total M. caprae Pavlik et al. , Vet. Med. Czech, 2002, 251 -263. http: //www. vri. cz/docs/vetmed/47 -9 -251. pdf