Bovine Mastitis Normal udder Vascularisation of udder Mastitisinflammed

Bovine Mastitis

Normal udder

Vascularisation of udder

Mastitis-inflammed udder

What are Milk quarters? • • • Made of 4 independent glands Interconnected by blood supply Milk does not pass from 1 quarter to other 4 quarter Fore and Hind quarter

What is mastitis • The most costly disease affecting dairy cattle throughout cattle. • Inflammation of 1 or more than 1 quarter of udder. • Inflamed- swelling, pain, warm, redness, heat

Economic impact of mastitis • Milk discarded due to medication , presence of bacteria, white blood cells • Decreased milk production • Bacteria, blood cells, enzymes • Decreasing lactose, casein and fat production • Increase in SCC.

What are health concerns of mastitis Animal health • Loss of functional quarter • Lowered milk production • Death of cow Human health • Poor quality milk • Antibiotic residues in milk

Subclinical mastitis • • • Udder appears normal Milk appears normal Elevated somatic cell count Lowered milk output Long duration

Clinical mastitis • 5 -10% of all mastitis cases • Severe and moderate • Includes systemic involvement Acute and chronic • Acute- severe type of mastitis • Loss of appetite • Depression • Clots/flakes of blood are present • Chronic type- fibrosis, atrophy of mammary gland

What causes of mastitis • Bacteria-70%, streptococci, staphylococci, coliform, E. coli, M. bovis • S. aureus, s. agalactiae, c. bovis • Yeast and molds-2% • Unknown- 28% • Physical Trauma Weather extremes Contaminated teat dips, skin lesion, mud hole, flies

Where do these organisms come from • Infected udder • Environment • Bedding Soil Water Manure • Replacement animals

Sitting posture of cow

Milking machine for cattle

Diagnosis -California mastitis test CMT • Milk from uninfected cow has less than 2, 00000 scc/ml. • A detergent based test • Composed of alkyl aryl sulfonate • Sodium hydroxide • Bromocresol purple • Scoring of milk samples • Grade 1, 2, 3 • Alternatively surf test

CMT

Milk paddle

Treatment • • • Intrammary infusion Bovaclox-cloxacillin Cefasafe-cephapirine benzathine Spectrazole- cefuroxime Cepravine-cephalonium Oxytetracycline 11 mg/kg B. w

Intrammary infusion

Control of mastitis • • • Milking machine maintenance Teat dipping Early treatment of clinical cases Culling cows with chronic mastitis Vascularisation of udder Mastitis