Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching

Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Using Boundless Presentations The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. Get started now at: http: //boundless. com/teaching-platform Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless. com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

About Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1, 000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, i. OS apps, Kindle books, and i. Books. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless. com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Thermodynamics The Laws of Thermodynamics Entropy Gibbs Free Energy Thermodynamics Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Thermodynamics > The Laws of Thermodynamics • The Three Laws of Thermodynamics • Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Processes Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/thermodynamics-17/the-laws-of-thermodynamics-123/

Thermodynamics > Entropy • Microstates and Entropy • Changes in Energy • Standard Entropy • Changes in the Entropy of Surroundings • The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Energy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/thermodynamics-17/entropy-124/

Thermodynamics > Gibbs Free Energy • Standard Free Energy Changes • Free Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions • Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States • Pressure and Free Energy • Free Energy and Work Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/thermodynamics-17/gibbs-free-energy-125/

Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Thermodynamics Key terms • absolute zero The lowest temperature that is theoretically possible. • chemical potential In thermodynamics, chemical potential, also known as partial molar free energy, is a form of potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction. • endergonic Describing a reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings. • enthalpy In thermodynamics, a measure of the heat content of a chemical or physical system. • entropy A thermodynamic property that is the measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. • entropy A thermodynamic property that is the measure of a system's thermal energy per unit of temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. • entropy A thermodynamic property that is the measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. • equilibrium The state of a reaction in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are the same. • exergonic Describing a reaction that releases energy to its surroundings. • ferromagnetic the basic mechanism by which certain materials form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets • free energy The difference between the internal energy of a system and the product of its entropy and absolute temperature. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Thermodynamics • free energy of formation The change of free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states. • microstate The specific detailed microscopic configuration of a system. • paramagnetic attracted to the poles of a magnet • quantized Expressed or existing only in terms of discrete quanta; limited by the restrictions of quantization. • spontaneous change A spontaneous process is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy (usually as heat) and moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state. • standard entropy Entropy of a substance at 1 atm pressure. • surroundings All parts of the universe that are not within thermodynamic system of interest. • third law of thermodynamics a law which states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero • work In thermodynamics, work performed by a closed system is the energy transferred to another system that is measured by the external generalized mechanical constraints on the system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Thermodynamics Entropy as a Function of Temperature The entropy (S) of a substance (compound or element) as a function of temperature (T). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikieducator. "Fig 5. 1. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //wikieducator. org/Entropy. Lesson 5 View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics Example of increasing entropy Ice melting in a warm room is a common example of increasing entropy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Entropy. " GNU FDL http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Entropy View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics Work Diagram The reversible condition implies wmax and qmin. The impossibility of extracting all of the internal energy as work is essentially a statement of the Second Law. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Steve Lower. "What is entropy? . " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 2. html#1 C View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics Gibbs Energy of Formation The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of that substance from its component elements, at their standard states. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Gibbs free energy. " GNU FDL http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics A Thermodynamic System A diagram of a thermodynamic system Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Thermodynamics. " GNU FDL http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thermodynamics View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics Gibbs free energy equation The Gibbs free energy equation is dependent on pressure. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Gibbs%20 free%20 energy. " GNU FDL http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics Nonstandard state free energy change Graph of. A single reaction can have an infinite number of values. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "679 px-Diag_eq. svg. png. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Diag_eq. svg View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics ΔG vs. G° ΔG is plotted on a vertical axis for two hypothetical reactions having opposite signs of ΔG°. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Steve Lower. "Gibbs Free Energy. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 4. html#SEC 4 View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics Entropy of the Playroom Andrew Vanden Heuvel explores the concept of entropy while cleaning the playroom. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com View on Boundless. com

Thermodynamics Attribution • Wikipedia. "Spontaneous process. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spontaneous_process • Wikipedia. "entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/entropy • Wikipedia. "Nonspontaneous reaction. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nonspontaneous_reaction • Wiktionary. "endergonic. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/endergonic • Wiktionary. "exergonic. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/exergonic • Steve Lower's Website. "Energy spreading and spontaneous change. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 1. html • Wikipedia. "Thermodynamics. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thermodynamics • Wikipedia. "Laws of thermodynamics. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics • Wikipedia. "entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/entropy • Wiktionary. "thermalization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/thermalization • Steve Lower's Website. "The Second Law of Thermodynamics. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 3. html • Steve Lower's Website. "Chemical thermodynamics: the First Law. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/energetics/CE-2. html#SEC 1 • Wikipedia. "entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/entropy • Wikipedia. "Introduction to entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Introduction_to_entropy • Wikipedia. "Entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Entropy • Wiktionary. "microstate. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/microstate • Steve Lower's Website. "What is entropy? . " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 2. html Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Thermodynamics • Wikipedia. "Standard entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Standard_entropy • Wiktionary. "latent heat. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/latent_heat • Steve Lower's Website. "What is entropy? . " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 2. html#SEC 4 • Wiktionary. "surroundings. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/surroundings • Steve Lower's Website. "What is entropy? . " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 2. html • Wikipedia. "Entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Entropy • Wiktionary. "quantized. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/quantized • Steve Lower's Website. "The Second Law of Thermodynamics. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 3. html • Steve Lower's Website. "What is entropy? . " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 2. html • Wikipedia. "Ice Ih. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ice%20 Ih • Wikipedia. "third law of thermodynamics. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/third%20 law%20 of%20 thermodynamics • Wikipedia. "Third law of thermodynamics. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Third_law_of_thermodynamics • Wikipedia. "Laws of thermodynamics. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics • Wiktionary. "ferromagnetic. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/ferromagnetic • Wikipedia. "Standard Gibbs free energy change of formation. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Standard_Gibbs_free_energy_change_of_formation • Wikipedia. "spontaneous change. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/spontaneous%20 change • Steve Lower's Website. "Gibbs Free Energy. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 4. html#SEC 2 • Wikipedia. "Gibbs free energy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy • Wiktionary. "free energy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/free_energy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

Thermodynamics • Wiktionary. "equilibrium. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/equilibrium • Steve Lower's Website. "Gibbs Free Energy. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 4. html#SEC 1 • Wikipedia. "Gibbs free energy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy • Wiktionary. "work. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/work • Steve Lower's Website. "Gibbs Free Energy. " CC BY-SA http: //www. chem 1. com/acad/webtext/thermeq/TE 4. html#SEC 1 • Wikipedia. "Gibbs free energy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy • Wikipedia. "chemical potential. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/chemical%20 potential • Wikipedia. "free energy of formation. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/free%20 energy%20 of%20 formation • Wikipedia. "Standard Gibbs free energy change of formation. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Standard_Gibbs_free_energy_change_of_formation • Wikipedia. "entropy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/entropy • Wiktionary. "enthalpy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/enthalpy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com