Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching
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Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Using Boundless Presentations The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. Get started now at: http: //boundless. com/teaching-platform Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless. com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
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Organizational Theory Why Study Organizational Theory Classical Perspectives Behavioral Perspectives Modern Thinking Evolving Organizations Organizational Theory Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory > Why Study Organizational Theory • What is Organizational Behavior? • Why Study Organizational Theory? Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-theory-3/why-study-organizational-theory-28/
Organizational Theory > Classical Perspectives • Classical Versus Behavioral Perspectives • Scientific Management: Taylor and the Gilbreths • Bureaucratic Organizations: Weber • Administrative Management: Fayol's Principles • Flaws in the Classical Perspectives Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-theory-3/classical-perspectives-29/
Organizational Theory > Behavioral Perspectives • The Behavioral-Science Approach • Behaviorism: Follett, Munsterberg, and Mayo • The Human Side: Hawthorne • Managerial Assumption: Mc. Gregor • Productivity: Argyris Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-theory-3/behavioral-perspectives-30/
Organizational Theory > Modern Thinking • Quantitative and Analytical Management Tools • Operations-Management Tools • The Systems Viewpoint • The Contingency Viewpoint • Quality Control and Assurance • Evidence-Based Management Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-theory-3/modern-thinking-31/
Organizational Theory > Evolving Organizations • Knowledge Management and Behavior Modification • Accelerated Change and Adaptation • The Role of the Manager in an Evolving Organization Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-theory-3/evolving-organizations-32/
Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory Key terms • behavior The way a living creature acts. • benchmarking A technique that allows a manager to compare metrics, such as quality, time, and cost, across an industry and against competitors. • bureaucracy A complex means of managing life in social institutions that includes rules and regulations, patterns, and procedures that are designed to simplify the functioning of complex organizations. • bureaucratic control Setting standards, measuring actual performance, and taking corrective action through administrative or hierarchical techniques such as creating policies. • change management Change management attempts to use strategies such as communication and training to help employees become more comfortable with organizational changes. • Contingency Viewpoint A theory of management that proposes that there is no standard for management practice, instead it should depend on the situation. • decision tree A visualization of a complex decision-making situation in which the possible decisions and their likely outcomes are organized in the form of a graph that resembles a tree. • double-loop learning A theory in which an organization or individual questions the values, assumptions, and policies that led to a given situation. • efficiency The extent to which a resource, such as electricity, is used for the intended purpose; the ratio of useful work to energy expended. • Failure testing involves determining the point of stress level in which a product will fail. • Fayolism An approach that focused on managerial practices that could minimize misunderstandings and increase efficiency in organizations. • fragmented thinking Thinking about problems as isolated events instead of considering problems as resulting from a system as a whole. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory • Hawthorne studies A series of investigations conducted in the 1920 s emphasizing the socio-psychological aspects of human behavior in organizations. • Industrial Psychology A field focusing on topics such as hiring workers with personalities and mental abilities best suited to certain types of vocations. • iron cage Weber's theory that a bureaucratic society would result in a situation in which it would be impossible to avoid bureaucracy and thus society would become increasingly more rational. • Knowledge management Used in organizations to collect employee's specialized knowledge and organize, redistribute, and share with the company. • leader A leader is thought to differ from a manager in that a leader's intention is to inspire and motivate while a manager's role is focused more on organization and planning. • Lean is a production strategy focused on eliminating all unnecessary waste in production. • learning organization A company that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself. • micromanage To rely on extreme supervision and close monitoring of employee work. • Motion Study Created by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, these analyzed work motions by filming workers and emphasized areas for efficiency improvement by reducing motion. • normative Of, pertaining to, or using a standard. • organizational development An ongoing, systematic process of implementing effective organizational change using theories from behavioral sciences. • psychosocial Related to one's psychological development in, and interaction with, a social environment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory • Scientific Management An early 20 th-century theory that analyzed workflows in order to improve efficiency. • single-loop learning A theory that says individuals, groups, or organizations modify their actions according to the difference between expected and obtained outcomes. • Six Sigma A process-improvement method that focuses on statistical methods to reduce the number of defects in a process. • Taylorism Scientific management; a theory of management of the early 20 th century that analyzed workflows in order to improve efficiency. • Taylorism Scientific management; an early 20 th-century theory of management that analyzed workflows in order to improve efficiency. • terminology The set of terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms; such as, the terminology of chemistry. • Theory X Suggests that employees are inherently lazy and irresponsible and will tend to avoid work unless closely supervised and given incentives; contrasted with Theory Y. • Theory Y Postulates that employees are capable of being ambitious and self-motivated under suitable conditions; contrasted with Theory X. • Time studies Created by Frederick Winslow Taylor, these break down each job into component parts and time each part to determine the most efficient method of working. • top-down Of or relating to a perspective that progresses from a single, large basic unit to multiple, smaller subunits. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory Hugo Munsterberg is considered the father of industrial/organizational psychology. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Hugo_M%C 3%BCnsterberg_Psychologe. jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Henri Fayol pioneered definitions of control for management science. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Fonds_henri_fayol. jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Possibilities The basic premise behind contingency theory is that there are limitless possibilities that companies must be prepared to adapt to strategically. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Pixabay. "Possibilities. " Public domain http: //pixabay. com/en/options-directory-street-shield-396267/ View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Assembly line and quality control Many processes, such as assembly lines, help ensure quality assurance and control by streamlining the production process. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/e/e 9/Wolfsburg_-_Volkswagen_Assembly_Line. jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Classical Perspective of Management The classical perspective of management focused on improving worker productivity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Can_factory_workers_stamping_out_end_discs, _published_1909. jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory B. F. Skinner introduced the study of behavior modification, focusing on how animals and humans react to reward and punishment. His theories are still used in behavior modification today. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Burrhus Frederic Skinner. " CC BY http: //ca. wikipedia. org/wiki/Burrhus_Frederic_Skinner View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Western Electric Company, the location of the Hawthorne studies This is where the studies where conducted—a factory outside of Chicago. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wiki. Pedia. "Hawthorne Works Electric Company. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/9/9 d/Hawthorne_Works_aerial_view_ca_1920_pg_2. jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Systems thinking Focus on the interaction of isolated problems with one another: just as separate gears work with each other, problems in one area can effect other areas in a system as well. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Icon-gears. svg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory IRS tax form An IRS tax form is an example of a complex form. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikipedia. "Form 1040, 2005. " CC BY-SA http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Form_1040, _2005. jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Factory workers Taylorism and classical management styles negatively affected the morale of workers, which created a negative relationship between workers and managers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Open Clip. Art. "Openclipartusing the welding machinejohnny_automatic. " CC BY http: //openclipart. org/people/johnny_automatic_using_the_welding_machine. svg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Mary Parker Follett defined management as "the art of getting things done through people. " Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Mary_Parker_Follett_(1868 -1933). jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Frederick Winslow Taylor is considered the creator of scientific management. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/b/b 7/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor. JPG View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Research and Evidence-Based Management is modeled after Evidence-Based Medicine, which emphasizes the importance of scientific research in decision-making. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Scientist. jpg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Single- and double-loop learning Argyris wrote about theories of single- and double-loop learning, which determine how people make decisions in difficult situations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Single-closed-loop version of the square knot of practical knot-tying. . " CC BY http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Math-square-knot 6 crossings. svg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Six Sigma is a tool used by managers when determining how to reduce the number of defects created by their processes. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Six_sigma-0. svg View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Behavior model Diagram of Schein's organizational behavior model, which depicts the three central components of an organization's culture: artifacts (visual symbols such as office dress code), values (company goals and standards), and assumptions (implicit, unacknowledged standards or biases). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. "Schein. " CC BY-SA http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Schein's_Model. JPG View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Organizational theory and stakeholders Organizational theory examines patterns in meeting stakeholders' needs. This concept map illustrates common internal and external stakeholders: internal stakeholders include employees and managers, while external stakeholders include customers, suppliers, creditors, and society at large. A company must take all of these stakeholders' interests into account. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wiki. Media. "Stakeholder Theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/4/4 c/Stakeholder_(en). png View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Organization triangle This diagram illustrates the idea that structure, process, and the people involved all play a role in an organization's culture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wiki. Pedia. "Organization Triangle. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/1/1 d/Organization_Triangle. png View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Trend chart A trend chart shows changes in spending, prices, efficiency, or any other metric that management is interested in analyzing over time. This chart of U. S. defense spending from 2000– 2011 shows that overall spending increased from $300 billion to $700 billion due to increases in both the Department of Defense (DOD) budget and overseas (war-related) spending. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/U. S. _Defense_Spending_Trends. png View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Decision trees are used to determine the consequences and potential outcomes of an investment or a project. This decision tree shows the money lost or gained at each step along multiple potential paths of action. The path that results in the highest financial gain by the end is generally the one that should be chosen. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia. CC BY-SA http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/f/f 4/Decision_Tree_Elements. png View on Boundless. com
Organizational Theory Attribution • Wikipedia. "Evidence-based medicine. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Evidence-based%20 medicine • Wikipedia. "Evidence-based management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Evidence-based_management • Wiktionary. "terminology. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/terminology • Wiktionary. "Hypothetical. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/Hypothetical • Wikipedia. "Quality control. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Quality_control • Wikipedia. "Quality assurance. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Quality_assurance • Wikipedia. "Failure testing. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Failure%20 testing • Wikipedia. "Knowledge management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge%20 management • Wikipedia. "Knowledge management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge_management • Wikipedia. "Behavior modification. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Behavior_modification • Wikipedia. "Contingency theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Contingency_theory • Wikipedia. "Approaches of management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Approaches_of_management%23 Systems_Approach • Wikipedia. "Contingency Viewpoint. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Contingency%20 Viewpoint • Wikipedia. "Fragmented thinking. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fragmented%20 thinking • Wikipedia. "Systems thinking. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Systems_thinking%23 Applications • Wikipedia. "Change management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Change_management • Wiktionary. "change management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/change_management Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory • Wikipedia. "Organizational behavior. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organizational_behavior • Wiktionary. "reductive. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/reductive • Wiktionary. "behavior. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/behavior • Wikipedia. "Elton Mayo. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Elton_Mayo • Wikipedia. "Mary Parker Follett. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mary_Parker_Follett • Wikipedia. "Industrial Psychology. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Industrial%20 Psychology • Wikipedia. "Hugo Münsterberg. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hugo_M%C 3%BCnsterberg • Wikipedia. "Organizational learning. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organizational_learning • Wikipedia. "Chris Argyris. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chris_Argyris • Wikipedia. "Learning organization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Learning_organization • Wikipedia. "Double loop learning. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Double%20 loop%20 learning • Wikipedia. "Single loop learning. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Single%20 loop%20 learning • Wikipedia. "Double loop learning. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Double_loop_learning • Wikipedia. "Theory X and theory Y. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_Y • Wiktionary. "Theory Y. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/Theory_Y • Wikipedia. "Douglas Mc. Gregor. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Douglas_Mc. Gregor • Wiktionary. "Theory X. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/Theory_X Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory • Wikipedia. "Bureaucracy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bureaucracy • Wikipedia. "Control theory (sociology). " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Control_theory_(sociology) • Wiktionary. "iron cage. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/iron_cage • Wikibooks. "Introduction to Sociology/Society. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikibooks. org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Society • Wiktionary. "bureaucracy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/bureaucracy • Wikipedia. "Weber's bureaucracy. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Weber's%20 bureaucracy • Wikipedia. "Scientific management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scientific_management%23 Taylor. 27 s_view_of_workers • Wiktionary. "Taylorism. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/Taylorism • Wikipedia. "FAYOL. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/FAYOL • Wikipedia. "Henri Fayol and the Administrative theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Henri_Fayol_and_the_Administrative_theory • Wikipedia. "Fayolism. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fayolism • Wikipedia. "Scalar chains. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scalar%20 chains • Wiktionary. "top-down. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/top-down • Wikipedia. "Top-down perspective. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Top-down%20 perspective • Wikipedia. "Motion Study. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Motion%20 Study • Wikipedia. "Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. . " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Frank_Bunker_Gilbreth, _Sr. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory • Wikipedia. "Scientific Management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scientific%20 Management • Wikipedia. "Time studies. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Time%20 studies • Wikipedia. "Time and motion studies. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Time_and_motion_studies • Wikipedia. "Scientific management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scientific_management • Wiktionary. "Taylorism. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/Taylorism • Wikipedia. "Communication and Leadership During Change. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Communication_and_Leadership_During_Change • Wikipedia. "Management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Management • Boundless Learning. "Boundless. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //www. boundless. com//sociology/definition/leader • Wikipedia. "Psycho-social factors. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Psycho-social%20 factors • Wikipedia. "Organizational theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organizational_theory • Wikipedia. "Micro-managing. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Micro-managing • Wikipedia. "Theory X and theory Y. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_Y • Wikipedia. "Henri Fayol. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Henri_Fayol • Wikipedia. "Organizational theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organizational_theory%23 Neoclassical_Perspective Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory • Wikipedia. "Scientific management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scientific_management • Wikipedia. "Lean. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lean • Wikipedia. "Operations management. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Operations_management • Wikipedia. "Lean manufacturing. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing • Wikipedia. "Six Sigma. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Six%20 Sigma • Wikipedia. "Six sigma. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Six_sigma • Wikipedia. "Organizational theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organizational_theory • Wiktionary. "efficiency. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/efficiency • Wiktionary. "normative. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/normative • Wikipedia. "Payback period. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Payback_period • Wikipedia. "Decision tree. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Decision_tree • Wikipedia. "Simulation. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Simulation • Wikipedia. "Benchmarking. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benchmarking • Wiktionary. "decision tree. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wiktionary. org/wiki/decision_tree • Wikipedia. "Trend line (technical analysis). " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trend_line_(technical_analysis) • Wikipedia. "Elton Mayo. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Elton_Mayo • Wikipedia. "Hawthorne effect. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
Organizational Theory • Wikipedia. "Hawthorne studies. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hawthorne%20 studies • Wikipedia. "organizational development. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/organizational%20 development • Wikipedia. "Organization development. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organization_development • Wikipedia. "Organizational theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Organizational_theory%23 Neoclassical_Perspective • Wikipedia. "Behavioural sciences. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Behavioural_sciences • Wiki. Pedia. "Organization Triangle. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/1/1 d/Organization_Triangle. png Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com
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