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The Long Decade (1989 -2001) European Unification Fall of the Soviet Union Apartheid Repealed The Rwandan Genocide The Yugoslav War The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) (continued) Globalization The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) > European Unification • The European Coal and Steel Community • The European Economic Community • The European Union Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989 -2001 -1570/european-unification-1571/

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) > Fall of the Soviet Union • The Soviet Union's Aging Leadership • Gorbachev and Perestroika • Unrest in the Soviet Union • Fall of the Berlin Wall • Dissolution of the USSR Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989 -2001 -1570/fall-of-the-soviet-union-1575/

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) > Apartheid Repealed • Institutional Racism in South Africa • The African National Congress • Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989 -2001 -1570/apartheid-repealed-1581/

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) > The Rwandan Genocide • Composition of the Rwandan Population • Imperialism and Racial Divisions • 100 Days of Violence • Aftermath and Reconciliation in Rwanda • The Lack of International Response Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989 -2001 -1570/the-rwandan-genocide-1585/

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) > The Yugoslav War • Populations of the Former Yugoslavia • NATO and UN Intervention • The Bosnian War • Prosecution in the International Criminal Court Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989 -2001 -1570/the-yugoslav-war-1591/

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) > Globalization • The Development of the Internet • Ease of Movement • International Trade • Globalization and Democracy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-long-decade-1989 -2001 -1570/globalization-1596/

Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Key terms • apartheid A system ofinstitutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South. Africa between 1948 and 1991. • apartheid A system ofinstitutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South. Africa between 1948 and 1991. • Atlantic Charter A pivotal policy statement issued on August 14, 1941, that defined the Allied goals for the post-war world: no territorialaggrandizement, no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people, restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, reduction of traderestrictions, global cooperation to secure better economic and socialconditions for all, freedom from fear and want, freedom of the seas, abandonment of the use of force, and disarmament of aggressor nations. • Bantustans Also known as Bantu homeland, black state, or simply homeland, a territory set aside forblack inhabitants of South Africa and South-West Africa (now Namibia) as partof apartheid. Ten were established in South Africa andten in neighboring South-West Africa (then under South African administration)for members of designated ethnic groups. This made each territory ethnically homogeneous to create autonomous nation-states for South Africa's black ethnic groups. • Chapter VI mandate The chapter of the United Nations Charter that dealswith peaceful settlement of disputes. It requires countries with disputes thatcould lead to war to first seek solutions via peaceful methods. If thesemethods of alternative dispute resolution fail, the issue must be referred tothe UN Security Council. • defection In politics, a person who gives up allegiance toone state in exchange for allegiance to another in a way that is consideredillegitimate by the first state. • Digital Revolution Thechange from mechanical and analog electronic technology to digitalelectronics with the adoption and proliferation of digital computers andinformation. • fakir beds Essentially, a bed of nails used asa deterrent to vehicle or foot crossing of an expanse. • Françafrique A portmanteau of France and Afrique used todenote France’s relationship with its former African colonies and sometimesextended to cover former Belgian colonies as well. • Gacaca Loosely translated to “justice among the grass, ” a system of community justice inspired by Rwandan tradition. It was adapted in 2001 to fit the needs of Rwanda inthe wake of the 1994 genocide. • glasnost Roughlytranslating to “openness, ” the reforms to the political andjudicial system in the 1980 s that ensured greater freedoms for the publicand the press as well as increased government transparency. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com • glasnost Roughly translating to “openness”, reforms to the political and judicial system made in the 1980 sthat ensured greater

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • glasnost Roughly translating to “openness”, this termrefers to the reforms the political and judicial system made in the 1980 sthat ensured greater freedoms for the public and the press and increasedgovernment transparency. • Goulash Communism The variety of communism as practiced in the. Hungarian People's Republic from the 1960 s until the Central European collapseof communism in 1989. With elements of free market economics and animproved human rights record, it represented a quiet deviation fromthe Soviet principles applied to Hungary in the previous decade. The name is asemi -humorous metaphor derived from the popular Hungarian dish. Goulash is madewith an assortment of unlike ingredients, representing how Hungarian communismwas a mixed ideology and no longer strictly adhered to Marxist-Leninistinterpretations as in the past. • immigration The international movement of people into a destination country where they do not possess citizenship to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. People also immigrate to take up employment as migrant workers or temporarily as foreign workers. • interahamwe A Hutu paramilitary organization that enjoyedthe backing of the Hutu-led government leading up to and during the Rwandangenocide. Since the genocide, they have been driven out of Rwanda, mainly to. Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). • International trade The exchange of capital, goods, and servicesacross international borders or territories. • joint criminal enterprise A legal doctrine usedby the ICTY to prosecute political and military leaders for mass war crimes, including genocide, committed during the Yugoslav Wars. • Mwami A chiefly title usually translated as “king. " • perestroika Literally“restructuring” in Russian, a political movement for reformwithin the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980 s, widelyassociated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. • perestroika Literally “restructuring” in Russian, a political movement for reform within the Communist Party ofthe Soviet Union during the 1980 s, widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail. Gorbachev. • pygmies A member of an ethnic group whoseaverage height is unusually short. Anthropologists define this as any group where adult men are on average less than 4 feet 11 inches tall. • Schengen Area An areacomposed of 26 European states that have officially abolished passport and anyother type of border control at their mutual borders. The area mostly functionsas a single country for international travel purposes with a common visapolicy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com • serfs The status of many peasants within feudal systems, an individual who occupies a plot of landand is required to work for

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • soft power A concept developed by Joseph Nye of Harvard. University to describe the ability to attract and co-opt using means ofpersuasion other than forceful coercion. The currency of soft power is culture, political values, and foreign policies. • South Slavs A subgroup of Slavic peopleswho speak South Slavic languages. They inhabit a contiguous region in the. Balkan Peninsula, southern Pannonian Plain, and eastern Alps, and aregeographically separated from the body of West Slavic and East Slavic people bythe Romanians, Hungarians, and Austrians. The South Slavs include the Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes. • sovereignty The full right and power of a governing body togovern itself without interference from outside sources or bodies. Inpolitical theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supremeauthority over some polity. It is a basic principle underlying the dominant. Westphalian model of state foundation. • Split Agreement The Split Agreement was a mutual defenseagreement between Croatia, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the. Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, signed in Split, Croatia, on July 22, 1995. It called on the Croatian Army to intervene militarily in Bosnia and. Herzegovina. • supranational Atype of multinational political union where negotiated power is delegated to anauthority by governments of member states. • supranationalism A type of multinational political union wherenegotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. • supranationalism A type of multinational political union in which negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. • tourism The act of traveling for pleasure, or theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. • UN Charter article 2(4) “All members shall refrain in theirinternational relations from the threat or use of force against the territorialintegrity or political independence of any state, or in any other mannerinconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations. ” Although somecommentators interpret Article 2(4) as banning only the use of force directedat the territorial integrity or political independence of a state, the morewidely held opinion is that these are merely intensifiers, and that the articleconstitutes a general prohibition subject only to the exceptions stated in the. Charter (i. e. , self-defense and Chapter VII Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com action by the Security Council).

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • World Wide Web An informationspace where documents and other web resources are identified by URIs, interlinked by hypertext links, and accessed via the Internet using aweb browser and web-based applications. • xenophobia The fear of that perceived as foreign or strange. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) D. F. Malan Daniel François Malan, the first apartheid-era prime minister (1948– 1954). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "DFMalan. Portret. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: DFMalan. Portret. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Apartheid-Era Sign Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Apartheid. Sign. English. Afrikaans. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Apartheid. Sign. English. Afrikaans. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version. svg. png. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Flag_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_12_Star_Version. svg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Mandela's prison cell on Robben Island The inside of Mandela's prison cell as it was when he was imprisoned in 1964. Mandela's cell later contained more furniture, including a bed from around 1973. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Physiological_needs. jpg. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Physiological_needs. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Sniper Alley in Sarajevo Norwegian UN troops on their way up Sniper Alley in Sarajevo, November 1995. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley. jpg. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Funeral in Sarajevo, 1992 A family mourns during a funeral at the Lion's cemetery during the Siege of Sarajevo. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-funeral-reaction. jpg. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-funeralreaction. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) South Slavic Europe The green area shows countries where a South Slavic language is the national language. The dark gray areas of the map show other Slavic-speaking countries. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "South_Slavic_Europe. svg. png. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: South_Slavic_Europe. svg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Mwami Palace A reconstruction of the traditional Mwami's palace at Nyanza, Rwanda. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace. jpg. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Radovan Karadžić was found guilty of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, and sentenced to 40 years imprisonment on March 24, 2016. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Evstafiev-Radovan_Karadzic_3 MAR 94. jpg. " CC BY-SA 2. 5 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Evstafiev. Radovan_Karadzic_3 MAR 94. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Euro banknotes (2002) The euro was introduced in 2002, replacing 12 national currencies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Euro_banknotes_2002. png. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Euro_banknotes_2002. png View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) The Lisbon Treaty In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty entered into force. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_2808129. jpg. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081). jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Ratko Mladić General Ratko Mladić during UN-mediated talks at Sarajevo Airport in 1993. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993 -w. jpg. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Evstafiev-ratko-mladic-1993 -w. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Srebrenica Massacre Victim Skull of a victim of the July 1995 Srebrenica massacre in an exhumed mass grave outside the village of Potocari, Bosnia and Herzegovina, July 2007. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007. jpg. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Srebrenica_Massacre_-_Massacre_Victim_2_-_Potocari_2007. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Sniper Alley Norwegian UN troops on their way up Sniper Alley in Sarajevo, November 1995. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley. jpg. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Opp_mot_Sniper_Alley. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Number of nations scoring 8+ on Polity IV scale (1800 -2003) Data source: The Polity IV project. (http: //www. systemicpeace. org/polity 4. htm) The y axis is the number of nations scoring 8 or higher on the combined Polity score. Note that the Polity IV project only scores nations with greater than 500, 000 total population. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Number_of_nations_1800 -2003_scoring_8_or_higher_on_Polity_IV_scale. png. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Number_of_nations_1800 -2003_scoring_8_or_higher_on_Polity_IV_scale. png View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Native National Congress delegation to England, June 1914 Left to right: Thomas Mapike, Rev. Walter Rubusana, Rev. John Dube, Saul Msane, and Sol Plaatjie. The delegation tried to get the British government to intervene against the Land Act, but the outbreak of the First World War thwarted their hopes for intervention. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "ANC 1914. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: ANC 1914. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Mikhail Gorbachev in 2010. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Mikhail_Gorbachev_-_May_2010 2. jpg. " CC BY 2. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Mikhail_Gorbachev_-_May_2010. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Charles De Gaulle French President Charles de Gaulle vetoed British membership, held back the development of Parliament's powers, and was at the centre of the emptychair crisis of 1965. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "De_Gaulle-OWI. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: De_Gaulle-OWI. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Yuri Andropov as depicted in the August 1983 issue of Soviet Life. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Yuri_Andropov_-_Soviet_Life, _August_1983. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Yuri_Andropov__Soviet_Life, _August_1983. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Tanks and Helicopters during the Soviet-Afghan War Soviet ground forces in action while conducting an offensive operation against the Islamist resistance. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Sovietafghanwar. Tanks. Helicopters. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Sovietafghanwar. Tanks. Helicopters. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Murder at Sharpeville, March 21, 1960 Painting of the Sharpeville massacre, which took place March 21, 1960 in Gauteng province, South Africa. The painting, by Godfrey Rubens, is currently located in the South African Consulate in London. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Murder_at_Sharpeville_21_March_1960. jpg. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Murder_at_Sharpeville_21_March_1960. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Nyamata Memorial Site Human skulls at the Nyamata Genocide Memorial. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Nyamata_Memorial_Site_13. jpg. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Nyamata_Memorial_Site_13. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Volume of world merchandise exports Monthly data sourced from Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, January 2000 to March 2012. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Volume_of_world_merchandise_exports. png. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Volume_of_world_merchandise_exports. png View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Rwandan refugee camp in east Zaire Refugee camp for Rwandans in Kimbumba, eastern Zaire (current Democratic Republic of the Congo), following the Rwandan genocide. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Rwandan_refugee_camp_in_east_Zaire. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Rwandan_refugee_camp_in_east_Zaire. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Rwanda's demography over time Rwanda's population (1961 -2003). Y-axis : Number of inhabitants in thousands. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Rwanda-demography. png. " CC BY-SA 2. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Rwanda-demography. png View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Paul Kagame (2014) Paul Kagame was commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front for most of the Civil War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Paul_Kagame_2014. jpg. " CC BY-SA 4. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Paul_Kagame_2014. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) The Baltic Way, Lithuania, August 23, 1989 The Baltic Way was a human chain of approximately two million people dedicated to liberating the Baltic Republics from the USSR. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias 14. jpg. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: 1989_08_23_Baltijoskelias 14. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Frederik de Klerk with Nelson Mandela Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shake hands at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992. jpg. " CC BY-SA 2. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Frederik_de_Klerk_with_Nelson_Mandela_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_1992. jpg View on

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Southern European Task Force (SETAF) Transporting Water The water was made by eight chlorinators and two reverse osmosis machines in Goma for Rwandan refugees located at Camp Kimbumba, Zaire. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "SETAF_HISTORY_0004. JPEG. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: SETAF_HISTORY_0004. JPEG View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Rwanda Location of Rwanda (dark blue) in the African Union (light blue) Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa. svg. png. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa. svg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Kigali school chalkboard A school chalkboard in Kigali. Note the names "Dallaire, " UNAMIR Force Commander, and "Marchal, " UNAMIR Kigali sector commander. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Kigali_school_chalk_board. jpg. " CC BY-SA 2. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Kigali_school_chalk_board. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Act of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania, March 11, 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania with signatures of the delegates. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990 -03 -11. png. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Act_of_Restoration_of_Independence_of_Lithuania_1990 -03 -11. png View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Berlin Wall Map of the location of the Berlin Wall, showing checkpoints. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Berlin-wall-map_en. svg. png. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Berlin-wall-map_en. svg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) The Fall of the Berlin Wall This photo shows part of the Wall at Brandenburg Gate, with Germans standing on top of the Wall days before it was torn down. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Thefalloftheberlinwall 1989. JPG. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Thefalloftheberlinwall 1989. JPG View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Luxembourg (City) Main Building of the BCEE The main building of the BCEE in Luxembourg City was home to the former seat of the ECSC's High Authority. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Luxembourg 0080. JPG. " GNU FDL 1. 2 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Luxembourg 0080. JPG View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Expansion of the European Communities, 1973 -1992 Countries colored green represent founding members of the EEC, and blue countries represent members added later. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973 -1992. png. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Expansion_of_the_European_Communities_1973 -1992. png View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) 1991 Coup Attempt T-80 UD tanks near Red Square during the 1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "1991_coup_attempt 1. jpg. " Public domain https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: 1991_coup_attempt 1. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Map of scheduled airline traffic around the world, circa June 2009. The map shows 54317 routes. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "800 px-World-airline-routemap-2009. png. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: World-airline-routemap-2009. png View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Internet Map Partial map of the Internet based on the January 15, 2005, data found on opte. org. Each line is drawn between two nodes each representing an IP address. The length of the lines are indicative of the delay between those two nodes. This graph represents less than 30% of the Class C networks reachable by the data collection program in early 2005. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com Wikimedia Commons. "Internet_map_1024. jpg. " CC BY-SA 2. 5 https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Internet_map_1024. jpg View on Boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) Attribution • Wikipedia. "Supranational union. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Supranational_union • Wikipedia. "History of the European Coal and Steel Community (1945 -57). " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_(1945%E 2%80%9357) • Wikipedia. "European Coal and Steel Community. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community • Wikipedia. "Supranational union. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Supranational_union • Wikipedia. "European Economic Community. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/European_Economic_Community • Wikipedia. "Sovereignty. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sovereignty • Wikipedia. "Maastricht Treaty. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty • Wikipedia. "European Union. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/European_Union • Wikipedia. "Schengen Area. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Schengen_Area • Wikipedia. "Three pillars of the European Union. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union • Wikipedia. "Goulash Communism. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Goulash_Communism • Wikipedia. "Yuri Andropov. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Yuri_Andropov • Wikipedia. "Soviet-Afghan War. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Soviet%E 2%80%93 Afghan_War • Wikipedia. "History of the Soviet Union (1982 -91). " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1982%E 2%80%9391) • Wikipedia. "Perestroika. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Perestroika • Wikipedia. "Glasnost. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Glasnost • Wikipedia. "Mikhail Gorbachev. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • Wikipedia. "History of Poland (1945 -89): Politics of the People's Republic's last years and the transition period. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E 2%80%9389)#Politics_of_the_People. 27 s_Republic. 27 s_last_years_a nd_the_transition_period • Wikipedia. "Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Act_of_the_Re. Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania • Wikipedia. "Glasnost. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Glasnost • Wikipedia. "Sovereignty. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sovereignty • Wikipedia. "Revolutions of 1989. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989 • Wikipedia. "Berlin Wall. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Berlin_Wall • Wikipedia. "Defection. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Defection • Wikipedia. "Dissolution of the Soviet Union. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union • Wikipedia. "Economy of Russia. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Economy_of_Russia • Wikipedia. "Institutional racism: South Africa. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Institutional_racism#South_Africa • Wikipedia. "Bantustan. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bantustan • Wikipedia. "Atlantic Charter. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Atlantic_Charter • Wikipedia. "Apartheid. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apartheid • Wikipedia. "Nelson Mandela. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela • Wikipedia. "Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa • Wikipedia. "Apartheid. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apartheid • Wikipedia. "History of the African National Congress. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress • Wikipedia. "Apartheid. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apartheid Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com • Wikipedia. "Inkatha Freedom Party. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • Wikipedia. "Rwanda. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rwanda • Wikipedia. "Serfdom. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Serfdom • Wikipedia. "Pygmy peoples. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pygmy_peoples • Wikipedia. "Ethnic groups in Rwanda. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Rwanda • Wikipedia. "Mwami. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mwami • Wikipedia. "History of Rwanda: Colonial Rwanda. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Rwanda#Colonial_Rwanda • Wikipedia. "Ethnic groups in Rwanda. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Rwanda • Wikipedia. "Rwandan genocide: Aftermath. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide#Aftermath • Wikipedia. "Rwanda. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rwanda • Wikipedia. "Gacaca court. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gacaca_court • Wikipedia. "International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_Rwanda • Wikipedia. "Francafrique. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fran%C 3%A 7 afrique • Wikipedia. "Rwandan genocide: international involvement. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide#International_involvement • Wikipedia. "Role of the international community in the Rwandan Genocide. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Role_of_the_international_community_in_the_Rwandan_Genocide • Wikipedia. "Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chapter_VI_of_the_United_Nations_Charter • Wikipedia. "South Slavs. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/South_Slavs • Wikipedia. "Muslims (nationality). " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Muslims_(nationality) • Wikipedia. "Bosniaks: Yugoslavia (1945 -1992). " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bosniaks#Yugoslavia_. 2819451992. 29 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • Wikipedia. "Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia • Wikipedia. "Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Yugoslavia • Wikipedia. "Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War: Vance-Owen. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Vance-Owen • Wikipedia. "Bosnian War. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bosnian_War • Wikipedia. "Srebrenica massacre. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre • Wikipedia. "Split Agreement. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Split_Agreement • Wikipedia. "Srebrenica massacre. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre • Wikipedia. "Operation Deliberate Force. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Operation_Deliberate_Force • Wikipedia. "United Nations Safe Areas. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_Nations_Safe_Areas • Wikipedia. "Bosnian War. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bosnian_War • Wikipedia. "Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War: Vance-Owen plan. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Peace_plans_proposed_before_and_during_the_Bosnian_War#Vance. E 2. 80. 93 Owen_plan • Wikipedia. "Slobodan Milosevic. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C 5%A 1 evi%C 4%87 • Wikipedia. "Joint criminal enterprise. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Joint_criminal_enterprise • Wikipedia. "Alija Izetbegović. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Alija_Izetbegovi%C 4%87 • Wikipedia. "Ratko Mladic: Indictment by the ICTY. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ratko_Mladi%C 4%87#Indictment_by_the_ICTY • Wikipedia. "Bosnian War: Prosecutions and legal proceedings. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bosnian_War#Prosecutions_and_legal_proceedings • Wikipedia. "Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mechanism_for_International_Criminal_Tribunals • Wikipedia. "Vojislav Šešelj. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vojislav_%C 5%A 0 e%C 5%A 1 elj Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • Wikipedia. "International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia • Wikipedia. "Digital Revolution. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Digital_Revolution • Wikipedia. "History of the Internet: Rise of the global Internet. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet#Rise_of_the_global_Internet_. 28 late_1980 s. 2 Fearly_1990 s_onward. 29 • Wikipedia. "Xenophobia. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Xenophobia • Wikipedia. "Globalization: Movement of people. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Globalization#Movement_of_people • Wikipedia. "Immigration. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Immigration • Wikipedia. "Tourism. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tourism • Wikipedia. "Economic globalization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Economic_globalization • Wikipedia. "Globalization: Movement of goods and services. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Globalization#Movement_of_goods_and_services • Wikipedia. "International trade. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_trade • Wikipedia. "Offshore outsourcing. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Offshore_outsourcing • Wikipedia. "E-commerce. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/E-commerce • Wikipedia. "Democracy: 20 th and 21 st centuries. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Democracy#20 th_and_21 st_centuries • Wikipedia. "Capitalist peace. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capitalist_peace • Wikipedia. "Cultural globalization. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cultural_globalization • Wikipedia. "Democratic peace theory. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Democratic_peace_theory • Wikipedia. "Soft power. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Soft_power • Wikipedia. "Rwandan genocide. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com • Wikipedia. "Arusha Accords. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arusha_Accords

The Long Decade (1989 -2001) • Wikipedia. "Use of force by states. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Use_of_force_by_states • Wikipedia. "Interhamwe. " CC BY-SA 3. 0 https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interahamwe Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www. boundless. com