Boundaries Borders Borderlands and Flows Including Doug Nicol

Boundaries, Borders, Borderland’s, and Flows Including Doug Nicol Diagrams

Border to Borderland

More in depth view Victor Konrad and Heather N. Nicol, “Boundaries, Borders and Borderlands: Borderlands Theory in the Era of Globalization from Beyond Walls: Re-inventing the Canada. United States Borderlands (2008)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fundamental Concepts Frontier – uncontrolled region between/beyond Boundary – one dimensional – line Border – fits somewhere between 1 and 2 Borderland – two dimensional – zone contains an identity Border region – any transboundary zone Cross Borderland – implies functional activity -CBR

Frontier • Traditionally area between two states defined space of control • Mythological – Place/Direction of expansion – Place of future potential – Alaska – Yukon Territory frontier

Frontier • • Sort of vacuum US -- Manifest Destiny – move towards and fill Canada – merely exists – Artic north Salish Sea – Capt. Cook – Simon Fraser – Lewis & Clark – Joint Occupancy

Who was there first Many scientists now believe that some of the First Peoples may have been here for much longer than that. For a long time, scientists believed that the ancestors of all North American First Nations people crossed over on foot to North America from Asia at the end of the last ice age, about 12, 000 years ago. Where did Canada's First Peoples come from? - First Peoples of Canada firstpeoplesofcanada. com/fp_groups/fp_ groups_origins. html

Cook On March 30, 1778, Captain James Cook below sailed his ship Resolution, for the first time, into Nootka Sound, on the south western coast of Vancouver Island.

Alexander Mackenzie • The upper reaches of the Fraser River were first explored by Sir Alexander Mackenzie in 1793, and reached the Bella Cola Inlet to the Pacific

Simon Fraser The Fraser River were first explored by Sir Alexander Mackenzie in 1793, and fully traced by Simon Fraser in 1808, who confirmed that it was not connected with the Columbia River .

Joint Occupancy Carver's map of The River of the West, 1778, showing Lake Winnipeg. Treaty of 1818

Boundary • One dimensional line • Being defined as an “other” • Marks a difference – can be drawn on map in distant capital

Treaty of Oregon. The United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Oregon on June 15, 1846, ending 28 years of joint occupancy of the Pacific Northwest. The treaty established the 49 th parallel as the border between the two countries. Oct 31, 2008 Treaty of Oregon - Northwest Power & Conservation Council https: //www. nwcouncil. org/history/Treaty. Of. Oregon

Border • Distant area on each side of the Boundary • Where boundary-bridges (defined crossing points) extend away from the line – possible focal points for interaction

Border Region • Exists in name – any transboundary zone Cross-border watershed regions

Border Region to Borderland • Border –boundary as a political demarcation • Region as a geographic entity – can be resistant to artifical division • In borderland – boundary fades to a certain degree

Borderland • Exists in functionality • Integration can occur • Many overlapping types: environmental, cultural, economic… • Can result in shared activities or facilities, even increase in marriages – City of Sumas uses Abbotsford’s water treatment – Members of Dutch community have regularly married back and forth

Border Region to Borderland • Based on developing a relationship – Trade – Friendship/Marriage – Cultural Interaction • Borderlands result of interplay between – – Government policy Cultural interaction Political clout – result of creating a joint identity Trade – economic integration • “Borders” can join and create a similar identity – EU CBRs – Here Cascadia • Cross-border media markets for example • Borderland – region shared by two nations

Fraser Lowland – What is here

Flows • What kinds exist or don’t exist and what does that tell us about our region?

F l o w E x a m p l e s

Four Lenses for Understanding a borderland

Konrad & Nicol’s reinterpretation

Possible Borderlands Players • PNWER • Puget Sound Georgia Basin Bioregion NGOs and Govt. Taskforce • IMTC • Dutch Reform Church • Cascadian Identity • Salish Sea