Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W Purbo

Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W. Purbo Onno@indo. net. id Independent IT Writer

Important Key Factor n n n Human Community Society NOT Technology NOT $$$

Overview n Commercial ISP Development Historical View & Tech. Aspects Internet Community Development n Major Achievements n n No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development

Key Strategies n n n Human factor is the most important KEY. Provide Free Education to the Society Copyleft & Copywrong movement n n n http: //www. bogor. net/idkf/ http: //pandu. dhs. org/ Free? How about the reward? n God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

Society Education Process

Involving Many Volunteers. . n n n n Michael Sunggiardi (Bogor) I Made Wiryana (Germany) Umar Tjokroaminoto (Medan) Adi Nugroho (Makassar) Irwin Day (Makassar) Ismail Fahmi (Bandung) Etc …

Basic strategy in short. . n “Either lead or follow but please don’t block the road for those who would move forward …” Phil Karn at Qualcomm, one of the Wireless Internet guru.

Commercial Internet Development

Commercial ISPs n n n APJII = Indonesian ISP Association http: //www. apjii. or. id Indo. Net n the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

APJII Membership n n n 150+ Principal License Holder 80 Member APJII 40+ active in providing services 100+ cities, all provinces Common Facilities n n APJII IIX APJII IDNIC n Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

Principal & Operational License

Subscriber Distribution

Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

Indonesia Internet Exchange GLOBAL INTERNET ISP APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM) ISP

Some grassroots movements n n Internet Café High Speed Wireless Internet (1154 Mbps)

Indonesian Internet Cafes n n 2000+ Internet Cafes Mostly self-finance Hangout at asosiasiwarnet@yahoogroups. com Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.

Indonesian Internet Café n Access Cost for Public Users n n Access Cost for Students at Schools n n Rp. 5000 / month Return of Investment n n Rp. 5000 / hour. 1 -2 Years (no WB, no IMF, no ADB, no Go. I funding) Internet Café is an affordable solution for Indonesian to access the Internet. It may enable 20+ million Indonesian to Internet in next 4 -5 years.

Indonesian Wireless Internet n Close to 1000 corporate users Uses 11 Mbps (soon 54 Mbps) wireless connection 2. 4 GHz (soon at 5 -5. 8 GHz) Hangout indowli@yahoogroups. com n Fight for free frequency license n n n

Historical View n n Social (human) Aspects Technological Aspects

Network Topology: Jan 1993

Homebrew Radio Modem

Software & PC based n n n 286 & e-mail only Freeware network operating system (NOS) Downloadable from ftp: //ftp. ucsd. edu/hamradio/packet/

AI 3 Indonesia: 1997 WIDE APAN AI 3 Indonesia Trans. PAC STARTAP S-One / Singa. REN IIX CA*net 3 v. BNS

Current Technology Push n Wireless Internet 11 -54 Mbps n Estimated cost US$150 / unit n “Unlicensed” band 2. 4 Ghz, 5 -5. 8 GHz n Build own network, no Telco!

Two Way Satellite

Success Factor n n Community based development. Human Resource Development n n Culture! Shifting mind set! n Self-financing. n Human is the key factor!

Access Behavior n n n Source: Adi Nugroho adi@internux. co. id 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi 20 -27 January 2002.

Logged Access Sites in Makassar *. yahoo. com 6. 96% *. yimg. com 6. 77% *. bolehmail. com 4. 69% <error> 2. 98% *. plasa. com 2. 52% *. astaga. com 2. 02% *. 17 tahun. com 1. 72% *. doubleclick. net 1. 46% *. extrajos. com 1. 40% *. msn. com 1. 16% *. akamai. net 1. 00% *. freebiespider. com 0. 85%

Access Behavior n n n Search engine & webmail are the most accessed site. News & online media are next. Indonesian pornographic site is next in the row (not much). 2. 98% users normally mistype the URL. Yahoo. com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

Indonesian Internet Communities n http: //www. yahoogroups. com http: //groups. yahoo. com http: //groups. plasa. com n Survey done at yahoogroups. com n n

Historical Perspective n n n ’ 90: Indonesians@jamus. berkeley. edu ’ 96: Mailing-lists@itb. ac. id ’ 99: Mailing-lists@yahoogroups. com

Evaluate yahoogroups. com n n n 45. 000+ Indonesian mailing lists Mostly <100 subscribers Evaluate only >100 subscribers

Evaluation Total mailing list 49913 Evaluated 30195 (60. 5%) Mailing list > 100 subs 1247 (4. 2%)

Mailing lists total Pornography Social Religion Politics Knowledge Hobby Economics Business 1247 73 (5. 9%) 350 (28. 1%) 155 (12. 4%) 94 (7. 5%) 257 (20. 6%) 110 (8. 8%) 16 (1. 3%) 192 (15. 4%)

Subscribers total Pornography Social Religion Politics Knowledge Hobby Economics Business 451887 59871 (13. 2%) 87875 (19. 4%) 55055 (12. 2%) 32124 (7. 1%) 83736 (18. 5%) 48342 (10. 7%) 4595 (1. 0%) 80289 (17. 8%)

Messages in 2001 total Pornography Social Religion Politics Knowledge Hobby Economics Business 1593523 42590 (2. 7%) 371749 (23. 3%) 190427 (12. 0%) 186583 (11. 7%) 291544 (18. 3%) 236023 (14. 8%) 13542 (0. 8%) 261065 (16. 4%)

Activeness (msg/subs/month) Pornography Social Religion Politics Knowledge Hobby Economics Business 0. 71 4. 23 3. 46 5. 81 3. 48 4. 88 2. 95 3. 25

Bandwidth (Kbps) total Pornography Social Religion Politics Knowledge Hobby Economics Business 1, 711 704 (41. 2%) 236 (13. 8%) 146 (8. 5%) 113 (6. 6%) 270 (15. 8%) 103 (6. 0%) 9 (0. 6%) 128 (7. 5%)

Summary. . n n Copyleft & copywrong movement done by many volunteers (not the gov’t) really help in providing knowledge to the society & enable them to build their own infrastructure. Wireless Internet & Internet café technology is the key infrastructure. Most of the infrastructure are self-finance with no WB, IMF & ADB involvement. n Gov’t of Indonesia most of the time claim our sucesses & ask for funding to donor agencies.