Bottled Water Veronica Cadette MPH Walden University PUBH

Bottled Water Veronica Cadette MPH Walden University PUBH 6165 - 1 Instructor: Dr. Rebecca Heick Third Quarter, 2010

The Impact of Bottled Water on Human Health And The Environment

n BOTTLED WATER CONSUMPTION n In 1997 - 13. 4 gallons person n In 2007 – 29. 3 gallons person DOSS, J. K. , CEO, P. A. , & ASSOCIATION, I. B. W. REGULATION OF BOTTLED WATER, FDCH Congressional Testimony J 1 - FDCH Congressional Testimony.

Bottled Water Sales revenues for the United States bottled water market in 2008 $11. 2 billion (in wholesale dollars), a 3. 2% decrease over the previous year DOSS, J. K. , CEO, P. A. , & ASSOCIATION, I. B. W. REGULATION OF BOTTLED WATER, FDCH Congressional Testimony J 1 - FDCH Congressional Testimony.

In 2007 • Bottled water advertising expenses totaled $54. 5 million • Carbonated soft drinks advertising totaled $803 million (nearly fifteen times that for bottled water) • Beer advertising expenses totaled $1. 187 billion (approximately 20 times that for bottled water) DOSS, J. K. , CEO, P. A. , & ASSOCIATION, I. B. W. REGULATION OF BOTTLED WATER, FDCH Congressional Testimony J 1 - FDCH Congressional Testimony.

THE PLASTIC WATER BOTTLE …… THE SYMBOL OF A MOBILE PEOPLE THE SIGN OF A HEALTHY PEOPLE ? ? DOSS, J. K. , CEO, P. A. , & ASSOCIATION, I. B. W. REGULATION OF BOTTLED WATER, FDCH Congressional Testimony J 1 - FDCH Congressional Testimony.

n SAFE WATER ? ? ? World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Fact sheet N° 256 - Bottled drinking water. www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 256/en

i n ga r o ro c i m benz ene bac arsenic ter ia r a p s e t asi lea d , s sm s e s u vir World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Fact sheet N° 256 Bottled drinking water. www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 256/en

SAFE WATER TIME TEMPERATURE PLASTIC CONTAINERS World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Fact sheet N° 256 Bottled drinking water. www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 256/en

THE BOTTLED WATER CULTURE SOURCE SAFETY Klessig, L. 2004. Part of Water is Life, a class website on water privatization and commodification, produced by students of Geography 378 http: //www. academic. evergreen. edu/g/grossmaz/klessill/ Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010

FDA CONTROLS FOR SAFE WATER Use quality control processes Ensure sanitary conditions Protect water sources Sample and test US Food and Drug Administration (2007) FDA Regulates the safety of bottled water beverages including flavored water and nutrient-added water beverages http: //www. fda. gov/Food/Resources. For. You/Consumers/ucm 046894. htm Retrieved Feb 4, 2010

SAFETY WATCHDOGS • WHO • FDA World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Fact sheet N° 256 Bottled drinking water. www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 256/en US Food and Drug Administration (2007) FDA Regulates the safety of bottled water beverages including flavored water and nutrient-added water beverages http: //www. fda. gov/Food/Resources. For. You/Consumers/ucm 046894. htm

The nature of plastic Plastic - composition and types 1. 2. Polystyrene and polyethylene Thermosetting plastics Plastic. (2009). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6 th Edition (pp. 1): Columbia University Press.

n LANDFILLS ARE FULL … IT IS NOT BIODEGRABLE IT SITS IN LANDFILLS FOR MANY YEARS National Geographic Green guide for everyday living. Plastic containers 101 http: //www. thegreenguide. com/buying-guide/plastic-containers

HEALTH CONCERN!!! n. Bisphenol A Smash Sports Products (2009). Hydration and health: The water bottle controversy http: //www. smashsportsproducts. com/health-benefits. htm Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010

HEALTH CONCERN!!! n Bisphenol A Steven, G. , Hentges, P. , Director, S. , & Council, A. C. Health & safety concerns over plastic additives in consumer products. FDCH Congressional Testimony J 1 - FDCH Congressional Testimony.

Conditions that may compromise plastic use n n n Thermal conditions (heat, microwave, freezing) Types of food material stored (liquid, dry, chemical) Frequency of use (single or multiple use of same plastic containers) National Geographic Green guide for everyday living. Plastic containers 101 http: //www. thegreenguide. com/buying-guide/plastic-containers

Human health implications • PET (or PETE) 1: Polyethylene terephthalate • HDPE 2: High-density polyethylene • PP 5: Polypropylene National Geographic Green guide for everyday living. Plastic containers 101 http: //www. thegreenguide. com/buying-guide/plastic-containers

PLASTICS TO AVOID! #3 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) #6 polystyrene (PS) #7 polycarbonate National Geographic Green guide for everyday living. Plastic containers 101 http: //www. thegreenguide. com/buying-guide/plastic-containers

HEALTH CONCERN!!! REUSING PLASTIC BOTTLES? ? ? Canadian Press January 26, 2003 People who frequently reuse their water bottles may be risking their health. http: //www. globalhealingcenter. com/people-who-frequently-reuse-their-water-bottles-may-berisking-their-health. html Copeland, A. Homefamily. net Reusing water bottles could make you sick Home Economist TEAM Resources http: //www. homefamily. net/index. php? /categories/yourfamily/reusing_water_bottles_may_make _you_sick/ Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010

RECOMMENDATIONS n For environmental health: n Ensure effective disposal/recycle

COMMUNITY ACTION Lobby: lawmakers for safety standards producers for safer products

Additional Resources n Barrett, J. R. (2009). Estrogens in a Bottle? Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(6), A 241. n Claudio, L. (2008). A Clear Look at Water Bottles. Prevention, 60(9), 201 -202 n Copeland, A. Homefamily. net Reusing water bottles could make you sick Home Economist TEAM Resources http: //www. homefamily. net/index. php? /categories/yourfamily/reusing_water_bottles_may_make_you_sick/ Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010 n n n Greene, A. (2008). Plastic: Not-So-Fantastic. Kiwi J 1 - Kiwi, 23. n Institute for agriculture and trade policy: Food and health program: Smart Plastics Guide Healthier Food Uses of Plastics http: //iatp. org/iatp/publications. cfm? account. ID=421&ref. ID=102202 n Klessig, L. 2004. Part of Water is Life, a class website on water privatization and commodification, produced by students of Geography 378 http: //www. academic. evergreen. edu/g/grossmaz/klessill/ n National Geographic Green guide for everyday living. Plastic containers 101 http: //www. thegreenguide. com/buying-guide/plasticcontainers n n Smash Sports Products (2009). Hydration and health: The water bottle controversy http: //www. smashsportsproducts. com/health-benefits. htm Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010 n World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Fact sheet N° 256 - Bottled drinking water. www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 256/en

REFERENCES n Ashbolt, N. J. (2004). Microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing regions. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia (Toxicology 198 (2004) 229– 238). n Barrett, J. R. (2009). Estrogens in a Bottle? Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(6), A 241. n Claudio, L. (2008). A Clear Look at Water Bottles. Prevention, 60(9), 201 -202 n Copeland, A. Homefamily. net Reusing water bottles could make you sick Home Economist TEAM Resources http: //www. homefamily. net/index. php? /categories/yourfamily/reusing_water_bottles_may_make_you_sick/ Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010 n n DOSS, J. K. , CEO, P. A. , & ASSOCIATION, I. B. W. REGULATION OF BOTTLED WATER, FDCH Congressional Testimony J 1 n Greene, A. (2008). Plastic: Not-So-Fantastic. Kiwi J 1 - Kiwi, 23. n Hayhurst, T. (2009). Company creates biodegradable bottle. Waste & Recycling News J 1 - Waste & Recycling News, 15(10), 32. n Institute for agriculture and trade policy: Food and health program: Smart Plastics Guide Healthier Food Uses of Plastics http: //iatp. org/iatp/publications. cfm? account. ID =421&ref. ID=102202 http: //iatp. org/iatp/publications. cfm? account. ID=421&ref. ID=102202 n Klessig, L. 2004. Part of Water is Life, a class website on water privatization and commodification, produced by students of Geography 378 http: //www. academic. evergreen. edu/g/grossmaz/klessill//

REFERENCES n n Naked adopts recycled PET. (2009). Beverage Industry J 1 - Beverage Industry, 100(8), 13. n National Geographic Green guide for everyday living. Plastic containers 101 http: //www. thegreenguide. com/buying-guide/plastic-containers n Picking Plastic? The Green Guide Cracks the Codes. (2005). Ascribe Newswire: Health, 9 -11. . P. A. , & ASSOCIATION, I. B. W. REGULATION OF BOTTLED WATER, FDCH Congressional Testimony J 1 - FDCH Congressional Testimony. n n n Testimony Plastic. (2009). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6 th Edition (pp. 1): Columbia University Press. Smash Sports Products (2009). Hydration and health: The water bottle controversy http: //www. smashsportsproducts. com/health-benefits. htm Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010 n US Food and Drug Administration (2007) FDA Regulates the safety of bottled water beverages including flavored water and nutrient-added water beverages http: //www. fda. gov/Food/Resources. For. You/Consumers/ucm 046894. htm Retrieved Feb 4, 2010 n U. S. Government Accountability Office (2009). Bottled Water: FDA Safety and Consumer Protections Are Often Less Stringent Than Comparable EPA Protections for Tap Water GAO-09 -610 June 22, 2009. http: //www. gao. gov/products/GAO-09 -610 Retrieved Feb. 4, 2010 n World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Fact sheet N° 256 - Bottled drinking water. www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs 256/en