Bottled Gases Sun Ladder GFDL http www gnu
Bottled Gases Sun Ladder [GFDL (http: //www. gnu. org/copyleft/fdl. html), CC-BY-SA-3. 0 (http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3. 0/) or CC BY-SA 2. 5 -2. 0 -1. 0 (http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/2. 5 -2. 0 -1. 0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Summary • • • Quiz Clinical Use History Specifications Principles of Operation Block Diagram • • Commercial Examples Preventive Maintenance Common Problems Test Procedures
History • 1942 - Jacques Cousteau - autonomous diving suit No date, no author. , Diving Suit [photograph]. Retrieved from https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Scuba_diver 1. jpg
Clinical Use • Ventilators • Anesthesia machines • Spectroscopy
Principles of Operation • Components: (1) Cylinder valve (2) Pressure gauge (3) Pressure regulator and valve (4) The gas outlet pressure gauge (5) Gas outlet flow control valve Malkin (2006), Medical Instrumentation in the Developing World (pg 68). Retrieved from library. ewh. org
Principles of Operation • Electrical Hydraulic Analogy: Wikipedia, Hydrualic analogy [text]. Retrieved from https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hydraulic_analogy
Principles of Operation • Electrical Hydraulic Analogy: • Hydraulic circuit (left), electric circuit (right) Aushuluz (2012), electric hydraulic analogy [image]. Retrieved from https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Electronic-hydraulic_analogy. svg
Principles of Operation • Cylinders colors (US): Purple body Black and white shoulder Medical Air, USP Grade CGA 346 and CGA 950 (E and D sizes only) Green body White shoulder Oxygen (O 2), USP Grade CGA 540 and CGA 870 (E and D sizes only)
Principles of Operation • Cylinders colors (US): Blue Body Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O), USP Grade CGA 326 and CGA 910 (E and D sizes only) Gray Body Grey Shoulder Carbon Dioxide (CO 2), USP Grade CGA 320 CGA 940 (E and D sizes only)
Principles of Operation • Cylinders colors (UK): • Oxygen (O 2)- White shoulder • Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O)- Dark Blue Shoulder, White Body • Carbon Dioxide (CO 2)- Grey Shoulder, White Body • Nitrogen (N 2)- Black Shoulder, White Body • Medical Air- White/Black Shoulder, White Body
Safety • Cylinders are very heavy – F size and larger full cylinders are segregated and stored securely within the cylinder store – Empty cylinders should be stored separately for collection
Safety • Cylinders cap Ildar Sagdejev (Specious) (Own work) [GFDL (http: //www. gnu. org/copyleft/fdl. html) or CC BY-SA 4. 0 -3. 0 -2. 5 -2. 0 -1. 0 (http: //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/4. 03. 0 -2. 5 -2. 0 -1. 0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Safety • Moving cylinders: – Place the cap – Have a friend stabilize the cylinder while you tilt it – Roll it on its bottom, with the cylinder tilted a few degrees • Moving cylinders – Use a trolley for longer distances
Safety Blood CO 2 concentration as 10% can cause unconsciousness
Safety • Nitrous oxide can be explosive • Butane, Propane (cooking and clinical laboratory heating) and Acetylene (torch cutting metal and atomic absorption spectroscopy) are highly flammable
Safety • Non standard gases • Toxic/Corrosive: Yellow Shoulder, RAL 1018 • Flammable: Red Shoulder, RAL 3000 • Oxidizing: Light Blue Shoulder, RAL 5012 • Inert: Bright Green Shoulder, RAL 6018
Common Problems • Missing/broken regulator (impossible to repair) • Mismatched hosing sets • Leaks
Preventive Maintenance • No calibration required • Gauge calibration with another standard gauge • Gauge calibration with mercury manometer (0 – 300 mm. Hg/40 k. Pa)
Preventive Maintenance • Do not empty it entirely (by leaving the cylinder valve open) • Do not simply connect the regulator and open the cylinder valve
Preventive Maintenance • Reconnection sequence: • crack” the main cylinder valve • Connect the regulator • crack the main • cylinder valve again • Open the cylinder valve again to begin using the system
Questions ?
Quiz 1. Draw a cylinder pressure regulator 2. How should one move a big cylinder? 3. What are the most common cylinder problems in developing world
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