BOTANY PART II GROWTH DEVELOPMENT 1 PLANT GROWTH

BOTANY: PART II GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT 1

PLANT GROWTH Plants are able to grow throughout their lifetime due to the presence of undifferentiated tissues called meristems. Apical meristems add primary growth and cause the stem to increase in length. Apical meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots. Lateral meristems add secondary growth and cause the plant to increase in girth.

REPRODUCTION IN ANGIOSPERMS Flowers – reproductive structures of angiosperm sporophytes, both male and female organs are present in some 3

REPRODUCTION IN ANGIOSPERMS Flowers – reproductive structures of angiosperm sporophytes, both male and female organs are present in some 4

DOUBLE FERTILIZATION IN ANGIOSPERMS 5

DOUBLE FERTILIZATION IN ANGIOSPERMS 6

DOUBLE FERTILIZATION IN ANGIOSPERMS 7

CO-EVOLUTION OF POLLINATORS AND FLOWERS 8

STRUCTURE OF THE MATURE SEED A seed consists of a dormant plant embryo, surrounded by its food supply (cotyledons, endosperm, or both). The seed is surrounded by a hard, protective seed coat. 9

TWO COMMON TYPES OF GERMINATION Germination begins with imbibition, the uptake of water by the dry seed. Rupturing of the seed coat triggers metabolic changes that allow the plant embryo to resume growth. 10

ADAPTATIONS FOR SEED DISPERSAL A seed consists of a dormant plant embryo, surrounded by its food supply (cotyledons, endosperm, or both). The seed is surrounded 11 by a hard, protective seed coat.