BOSNIA SERBIA Serbia and Bosnia were and still
BOSNIA / SERBIA • Serbia and Bosnia were and still are bitter enemies because of different religious beliefs.
NATIONALISM • DEFINITION To have pride in your homeland. Since many people in Europe lived in many different countries, a person’s homeland became more and more important.
IMPERIALISM • DEFINITION – Nation Building. Countries wanted to build their nations because whenever there is more land there are more opportunities to make MONEY
MILITARISM • DEFINITION To solve problems by using army, navy, air force, marines to take over or destroy an enemy.
TRIPLE ENTENTE • BRITAIN • FRANCE • RUSSIA FORMED IN 1907
TRIPLE ALLIANCE • GERMANY • AUSTRIA-HUNGARY • ITALY
“FINAL STRAW” • Assassination of Austro. Hungarian heir ( June 14 th, 1914) by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand. The man who shot him was named Gabriel Princip.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand FAMILY • Archduke Franz Ferdinand an heir to the Austria-Hungarian thrown, was assassinated. This caused Serbia and Austria to finally decide that war was the only way to solve the problem.
Gavrilo Princip Gabriel Princip and the Black Hand killed the Austrian heir
EVENTS IN ORDER • August 1 st GERMANY declares war on RUSSIA • August rd 3 GERMANY declares war on FRANCE • August 4 th Great Britain declares war on Germany after Germany’s invasion of Belgium.
ALLIED POWERS ITALY FRANCE GREAT BRITAIN
CENTRAL POWERS GERMANY TURKEY AUSTRIA
WHAT COUNTRY DID NOT STICK TO THEIR COALITION ? • THINK ABOUT THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE AND THE TRIPLE ENTENTE • WHY ARE ALLIANCES IMPORTANT TO PREWAR OR PRE-BATTLE PLANS? • IF ONE OF YOUR CLOSEST FRIENDS TELLS YOU THAT IF YOU ARE IN TROUBLE THEY WILL HAVE YOUR BACK, BUT WHEN THE TIME COMES THAT YOU DO NOT DO WHAT YOU SAY, WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO YOUR RESPECT LEVEL FOR THAT PERSON?
NEW WEAPONS OF WORLD WAR I MACHINE GUNS GRENADES POISON GAS TANKS TRENCH WARFARE
TRENCH WARFARE Trench warfare was some of the worst living conditions imaginable. Rats, gas, sanitation, …. DISEASE STARVATION RATS BITTER COLD
MACHINE GUNS Machine guns could produce about 60 bullets per minute. This was a big jump from previous wars. This weapon was great for both offensive and defensive fighting.
CHLORINE GAS Attacks the lungs and begins to eliminated oxygen with chlorine. Violent cough and dying. These troops used the following gas masks to protect themselves in battle.
MUSTARD GAS This type of chemical weapon could be seen from long distances. This gas would start to eat away at the skin and make open sores on the body. This gas was also very hard to get out of the soil.
PHOSGENE This chemical agent attacks the respiratory system just like chlorine gas. Extreme cough tries to suffocate victims.
NO MAN’S LAND Land that was not held by either the Allied or Central Power’s Army. The area was filled with barbed wire and land mines or bombs buried in the ground.
AMERICA IN WORLD WAR 1 • 1914 – President Woodrow Wilson adopts policy of neutrality. NEUTRALITY – In war time when a nation is not on either side of a conflict. WHY WOULD AMERICA BE IN A STATE OF NEUTRALITY?
WHY AMERICA CHOOSES NEUTRALITY 1. America was making a lot of money selling food, equipment, and weapons to European countries. If you fight in a war you can not trade with opponents of war. AMERICA SAW ITS MONEY GO UP , UP and UP by trading with other countries
AMERICA’s NEUTRALITY Difficult for United States to choose sides. Different ethnic backgrounds makes choice difficult for what side to take. German Americans for Central Powers French Americans for Allied Powers Since America is so diverse, the decision for each individual country is very hard.
AMOUNT OF MONEY USA MADE FROM TRADE WITH GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE
Why America gets involved in European Conflict 1. Germany begins to put a blockade around the European mainland to limit the amount of cargo ships that America can ship. 2. German ship sinks the “Lusitania” in an effort to stop the United States from trading with its new “allies” 3. The “Lusitania” kills 128 America citizens. 1, 200 die in all.
RUSSIA’s POWER SYSTEM TSAR LEADERS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WORKERS PEASANTS
UPPER CLASS • LESS THAN 3 % of Russia’s population. • Upper Class had about 90% of all money that Russia owned. • TSAR and leaders
RUSSIA’s MIDDLE CLASS • ABOUT 10 % of all people that lived in Russia • Had little voting power
RUSSIA’ s LOWER CLASS • About 85 % of all people that lived in Russia. • Had about 5% of all the money in Russia. • Power of the tsar was absolute, and the workers had little power and were very poor. They had no vote. • The Lower Class had no vote which meant no changes.
Importance of Russia in the eyes of America 1. Largest country in the world. Big importance in Asia and Europe. Many sects of religious nations because of how large it is. 2. Very large population. 3. Very poor country.
RUSSIA’s NEW GOVERNMENT - COMMUNISM – A form of government where all business is run by the government. All banks, railroads, power plants were all run by the Communist Party. Vladimir Lenin is the leader of the new officials called the BOLSHEVIKS What are some positives of Communism ? There is no class system in a Communist country.
PEACE SETTLEMENT GOALS OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES For France, Great Britain, and Italy the goal was to burn GERMANY for all of the casualties and dead their countries absorbed during the GREAT WAR. The United States, mainly Woodrow Wilson, thought that major sanctions on Germany would cause more problems in the future. HE WOULD BE CORRECT !
TOTAL LOSSES FOR ALLIED FORCES DURING WORLD WAR 1 RUSSIA 1, 700, 000 DEAD 9, 150, 000 Casualties FRANCE 1, 357, 800 6, 160, 800 Casualties GREAT BRITAIN 910, 000 DEAD 3, 190, 235 Casualties ITALY 650, 000 2, 200, 000 Casualties US 365, 000 Casualties 125, 000 Dead
TOTAL LOSSES FOR CENTRAL POWERS DURING WORLD WAR 1 GERMANY 1, 775, 000 Dead 7, 150, 000 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 1, 200, 000 Dead TURKEY 325, 000 Dead 7, 020, 000 975, 000
TREATY OF VERSAILLES The members that met in Paris. THE BIG FOUR David Llyod George – Great Britain George Clemanceau – France Woodrow Wilson – United States Vittorio Orlando - Italy
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS Where all countries came together to vote on world issues. Most countries agreed to the League of Nations. The United States did not ! Why do you think that was?
MAJOR CHANGES IN EUROPE GERMANY - Gave up Alsace and Lorriane to France. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY - Gave up Hungary NEW COUNTRIES - Czechoslavkia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Baltic States of Estonia, Lithonia, and Latvia. WHY ARE THE NEW CHANGES GOOD OR BAD ?
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