Borehole Imaging with Terra Station TERRASCIENCES Terra Station

Borehole Imaging with Terra. Station TERRASCIENCES

Terra. Station offers a valuable tool for the sedimentological and structural interpretation of rock sequences with its FORMATION VIEWER module TERRASCIENCES

Contents of Presentation • • • Data import capabilities Data processing Data display Data analysis Data interpretation Economic benefits TERRASCIENCES

Supported Import Formats & Tools • • FMI, OBMI EMI FMS CAST CBIL UBI STAR BHTV • • • RAB, ARI, ADN 4 -arm dipmeter 6 -arm dipmeter SHDT dipmeter Data loaded from LIS, DLIS, Z&S image data TERRASCIENCES

Processing Options A number of processing functions are available for enhancing the quality of the data TERRASCIENCES

Image Display Options • Static/dynamic normalization - user defined step and window size. • Equal bins/equal increment color mapping. • 16/32/64 or 128 color mapping. • User editable color maps. • Control of display orientation - true and magnetic north, borehole lowside, borehole highside, tool frame. • Logarithmic/linear switch on data. • 2 D and 3 D viewing options. TERRASCIENCES

For better data visualization, the user has full control over the color mapping and filtering of the data. Dynamic and static normalization of the data can be performed when creating the image. Additionally, the same data can be shown side-byside on screen, with different normalization parameters. TERRASCIENCES

The data on the left is statically normalized. The data on the right is dynamically normalized to bring out the finer detail. Display options. . . TERRASCIENCES

Economic benefit In the USA, it costs approximately $16, 000 just to get 3000 feet of statically normalized image from the wireline companies. Dynamic images can cost around $2 a foot. And that does not include the cost of extra log reprints (around $300 each). This means the Formation Viewer module pays for itself in one or two processing runs. TERRASCIENCES

The color map editor allows you to create and modify color maps to suite you own particular needs. You can have multiple color maps applied to the data at the same time. Display options. . . TERRASCIENCES

Two different color maps applied to the same data. Note how the blue map enhances the pixels between the major horizontal layers Display options. . . TERRASCIENCES

Here we see the same set of FMI data, one track showing a 2 D projection view of the data, the other showing a “pseudo core” or 3 D transparent view. Display options. . . TERRASCIENCES

Example showing the imaging data displayed as a series of curves. This image is of a fractured limestone. Display options. . . TERRASCIENCES

Filtering Options Example showing the application of a horizontal edge detecting filter on the right. TERRASCIENCES

Analysis Options • • Histogram and statistics. Sand count analysis. Compute averages. Breakout picking and analysis. TERRASCIENCES

Example of a histogram analysis. Note the color map is in discriminate mode. Analysis options. . . TERRASCIENCES

FMI image with sand count derived from the image data displayed in the lithology track. Analysis options. . . TERRASCIENCES

Interpretation Options • User defined major and minor “feature” categories. • Interactive feature picking. • SCAT type plots available. • Pick on images or curves. • Display using threshold color cut offs. TERRASCIENCES

Data interpretation can be done by specifying picks using a sinusoidal “point & shoot” method. Picks can be made in true or apparent dip. Dip and azimuth data may be displayed using tadpole plots, rose diagrams, stereonets, and various other displays. Interpretation options. . . TERRASCIENCES

These two images are identical in every way except the on the left has the color map set to discriminate mode. This is useful for approximating potential porosity for example. Interpretation options. . . TERRASCIENCES

Other Options • Pick and analyze features on circumferential core photos. • Display in conjunction with “normal log data”. • Display in cross section. • Display dips from other sources (e. g. Dipmeter, previous interpretations). • Display both resistivity and sonic imaging data side by side. • Display imaging data and core photos simultaneously. TERRASCIENCES

Economic Benefits • Purchase price is under half of rival systems. • No extra charges for re-processing data. • No extra charges for re-plotting at different vertical scales. • Allows processing, display, and analysis of all logging company imaging tools. • Runs on PC hardware - a lot cheaper than workstations. • Even runs on a laptop - giving excellent flexibility of operation. We give YOU control of your data! TERRASCIENCES

A Review of the Important Features of Formation Viewer • Speed correction of borehole image data. • User-controlled static and dynamic normalization. • 3 D display capability. • Multiple dip and azimuth display. • Display alongside wireline logs, core photos, rose diagrams, etc. • User-definable color maps. • User definable zones for • Feature picking using sine statistics and analysis. wave, point & shoot, or • Available on Windows or UNIX. stereo net placement. • Fully integrated into the Terra. Station system. TERRASCIENCES

Please contact us at: TERRASCIENCES, Inc. 5629 FM 1960 West, Suite 312 Houston, TX 77069 USA Tel: (281) 893 5117 Email: sales@terrasciences. com TERRASCIENCES

Or …. TERRASCIENCES, Inc 7800 S. Elati St, Suite 300 Littleton, CO 80120 USA Tel: (303) 794 5511 Fax: (303) 794 7755 Email: sales@terrasciences. com TERRASCIENCES

Or …. TERRASCIENCES Ltd Palace Chambers, 41 London Road, Stroud, Glouc. , UK GL 5 2 AJ Tel: (01453) 767683 Email: sales@terrasciences. com TERRASCIENCES