Bordetella Dr Mohsina Haq Classification Genus Bordetella B

Bordetella Dr. Mohsina Haq

Classification • Genus – Bordetella • B. pertussis • B. parapertussis • B. bronchiseptica 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 2

General characteristics • • • Gram negative Small, ovoid, coccobacillus Non motile Non sporing Capsulated Bipolar metachromatic staining 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 3

Cultural Characteristic • Aerobic • 35 -37 C • Medium – Bordet Gengou agar • Colonies – Small dome shaped opaque grayish colonies – Appears as mercury drops – Hazy zones of hemolysis resembling aluminum paint 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 4

Biochemical Reactions • • • They do not ferment glucose Indole test positive Reduces Nitrates Splits urea Catalase positive Oxidase positive 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 5

Bordetella Pertussis • • • Small coccobacilli Non sporing Non motile Bipolar staining Fimbriae +/Capsulated – on repeated cultures capsule loses up and appears like thumb print with clear spaces between the organisms 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 6

Virulence Factors 1. Adhesin: • Filamentous hemagglutinin – Filamentous hemagglutinins which helps in the attachment of the bacteria with the epithelium and are located in fimbriae 2. Toxins: • • • Adenyl cyclase toxin Pertussis toxin Dermonecrotic toxin Tracheal toxin Heat labile toxins 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 7

Epidemiology • • • Man is only host Communicable disease Person to person spread Disease of children Rarely in adults 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 8

Pathogenesis • • • Bacterial colonization Production of toxins Paralysis of cilia Increased lymphocytosis Blockage of airways 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 9

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Clinical Features • Children are mostly affected • Bouts of paroxysmal coughing – Air hunger, watery eyes, nasal discharge, cyanotic spells during cough, vomiting and massive inspiratory effort • Fever • Its is characterized by “WHOOP” 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 11

Stages of Pertussis 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 12

Laboratory Diagnosis • Mostly clinically diagnosed but atypical cases needs definitive diagnosis • Different methods of diagnosis – – 05 December 2020 Demonstration of antigens Demonstration of antibodies Culture Blood counts Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 13

Demonstration of Antigen • Nasopharyngeal swabs • Post nasal swabs 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 14

Demonstration of Antibodies • These tests are done on serum – Ig. A – ELISA • Detection is done from nasopharyngeal secretions 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 15

Culture • Bacteria is cultures either from swabs or through cough plate methods • It is cultured at 37 C • Culture plate is held at 10 -15 cm • Patient coughs and droplets are impinged on media • Bed side technique 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 16

Prevention • • 100% preventable disease Cover mouth during coughing Prevented by DPT Two types of vaccines are available – – 05 December 2020 Whole cell vaccine Acellular vaccine below 7 years Dose: 3 injections IM at 4 to 6 weeks Drug protection rate is 90% Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 17

Treatment • Penicillin is not effective • 10 days erythromycin-early infection • Cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 18

Prevention is better than treatment 05 December 2020 Bordetella by Dr. Mohsina Haq 19

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