Borders Ada Martinez Paula Marsal Rubn Martin Vicen

Borders Aïda Martinez Paula Marsal Rubén Martin Vicenç Verge

INDEX • European Union • Definition of borders – Borders between different countries • Schengen • • • – Definition – Internal borders. . . – External borders. . . – Safety Frontex – Main tasks – Proposed replacement for Frontex People who cross borders Dublin Regulation Criticism Conclusion

European Union • The European Union is a geopolitical entity that includes most of the European Continent. It’s a political and economical association formed by 28 countries. The EU has its own currency, flag and anthem. On 9 th of May we commemorate the EU day.

Definition of borders • A border is an imaginary geographic limit between two countries. There are five kinds of borders: – – – Territorial border. Economical border. Natural border. Artificial border. Linguistic border.

Border between countries • At a national level each country has two types of borders: – Internal border: Between the regions of the same country – External border: With other countries

Schengen agreement • The Schengen agreement was signed between the 1985 and 1990 in Schengen. • Only 26 European Countries signed the agreement, those countries have abolished passport and any other type of border control at their natural borders. • In emergency situations (terrorism, chaos, etc. ), some countries can restablish their borders, but only for a limited period.

Schengen Area

Definition • Schengen Area is formed by 26 countries (22 are in EU). • Controls are limited on the external border and the EU citizens and inhabitants from third countries can travel freely on Schengen area.

In Internal borders. . . • There are no controls at the borders. • There may be police controls but only in case of possible threats to public security. • In ports and airports, but only to check the identity of the ticket owner.

In the external borders. . . • EU travelers in general are subject to minimum controls to verify their identity based on their travelling documents. • Visitors from non-european countries need a document to justify the reason for their stay and they also need to prove their financial resources.

Safety • Schengen States exchange information to stop the cross border organized crime and terrorism. • Schengen area has 43000 km of sea borders and 8000 km of land borders. • Every year European citizens do about 1240 million journeys into the Schengen area.

Frontex • Frontex is an agency of the European Union established in 2004 to manage the cooperation between national border guards securing its external borders. Frontex operations aim to detect and stop illegal immigration, human trafficking and terrorist infiltration.

Main tasks • Coordinate cooperation between member states in external border management • Assist states members in training of national border guards. • Carrying out risk analyses. • Follow research relevant for the control and surveillance of external borders. • Help states members requiring technical and operational assistance at external borders.

Proposed replacement for Frontex • On the 15 December 2015 the European Commission presented its proposal for a new European Border and Coast Guard to replace Frontex that would bolster existing national border agencies, along with the "right to intervene" in migrant hotspots, even if the member state concerned is opposed to such a measure.

People who cross borders • People may want to cross borders for different reasons: – – – European citizens subject to Schengen area. Citizens from foreign countries who want to study, work or just travel there. Regular immigrants : Immigrants with residence permit. Illegal immigrants: Who can be forced to leave the country. Refugees and asylum seekers: subject to the Dublin Regulation, which protects them in case of war or persecution.

Dublin Regulation • It is a law, revisited in 2015, that determines the States EU members responsible to examine an application for asylum seekers seeking International protection under the Genoa Convention. • The different European countries should take their share of refugees. There are quotas for solidarity measures.

Criticism

Conclusions