Booster AGS Modifications and g2 Beam Requirements Kevin

Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements Kevin A. Brown C-AD kbrown@bnl. gov

Booster and AGS Modifications Contents 1. Introduction: g-2 Past Performance 2. Overview of Basic Areas Requiring Improvements 3. Requirements 4. Environment and Safety Modifications 5. Basic Infrastructure Modifications 6. Booster Modifications 7. AGS Modifications 8. Costs 9. Summary 10. Supplemental Material Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 2

Introduction: g-2 Past Performance FY 97 FY 98/99 FY 2000 FY 2001 New Energy (Ge. V) 24 24 24 # bunches/pulse 6 6 12 12 12 or 24 Rep. Time (sec) 3. 6 2. 4/2. 8 2. 7 Peak Intensity (protons/pulse) 46 x 1012 58 x 1012 61 x 1012 63 x 1012 60 x 1012 58 % 67 % 55 % 83 % 74 % 87 % 83 % 88 % *60 % 0. 13 x 1020 0. 48 x 1020 0. 5 x 1020 0. 6 x 1020 **1. 3 x 1020 Average Availability /Best Week Integrated Intensity (# protons) * Assumes concurrent operation with RHIC. **g-2 proposal. Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 3

AGS performance for g-2 operation gtr Intensity 5 x 1013 protons ü 6 single bunch transfers from Booster ü Peak intensity (FEB): 63 1012 ppp ü Bunch area: 3 e. Vs at injection 10 e. Vs at extraction ü Intensity for g-2 ops: 50 -60 1012 ppp ü Strong space charge effects during accumulation in AGS ü Dilution needed for beam stability 40 A Peak current 2 seconds Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 4

Booster and AGS Modifications Contents 1. Introduction: g-2 Past Performance 2. Overview of Basic Areas Requiring Improvements 3. Requirements 4. Environment and Safety Modifications 5. Basic Infrastructure Modifications 6. Booster Modifications 7. AGS Modifications 8. Costs 9. Summary 10. Supplemental Material Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 5

Overview of Basic Areas Requiring Improvements • Categories of Improvements and Modifications ü Ensure g-2 has no impact on RHIC and NASA operations ü Minimize occupational dose received by workers ü Minimize environmental impact of g-2 operations ü Reduce the risk of equipment failure ü Reduce the risk of fire or electrocution ü Re-establish g-2 Intensity/Throughput goals. • General Areas of Improvements and Modifications ü Ground water protection by capping soil-shielding over tunnels ü Cables and Cable trays ü Radiation damaged magnet coils ü Obsolete Controls ü Aging and radiation damaged equipment and instrumentation Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 6

Requirements • Accelerators must not be activated beyond what is maintainable by people (as low as reasonably achievable {ALARA}) • Booster ü ions to the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) ü ions to the AGS ü polarized protons to the AGS ü high intensity protons to the AGS • AGS ü ions to RHIC ü ions to NASA ü polarized protons to RHIC ü high intensity protons to g-2 • Switchyard ü ions to a high energy NASA Space Radiation facility Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 7

Booster and AGS Modifications Contents 1. Introduction: g-2 Past Performance 2. Overview of Basic Areas Requiring Improvements 3. Requirements 4. Environment and Safety Modifications 5. Basic Infrastructure Modifications 6. Booster Modifications 7. AGS Modifications 8. Costs 9. Summary 10. Supplemental Material Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 8

Environment and Safety Modifications • Soil-Shielding will be covered by water impervious caps ügroundwater activation < 5 % of the EPA drinking water limit • High intensity protons produce significant prompt radiation • beam loss required to exceed the 5 % level is not detectable • Cable repaired and replaced. ü Cables must not pose fire or electrocution hazards • Magnet coil replacements, new magnets, upgrade to kicker P. S. ’s ü radiation burden to workers must be kept ALARA Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 9

Shield Caps: Existing Liner Cover NSRL. Concrete/Soil mix over area’s of AGS tunnel. Existing Concrete Shield Cap Area’s to be covered with Concrete, outside g-2 project Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 10

Concrete Shield Caps Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 11

AGS Shield Caps Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 12

Booster and AGS Modifications Contents 1. Introduction: g-2 Past Performance 2. Overview of Basic Areas Requiring Improvements 3. Requirements 4. Environment and Safety Modifications 5. Basic Infrastructure Modifications 6. Booster Modifications 7. AGS Modifications 8. Costs 9. Summary 10. Supplemental Material Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 13

Basic Infrastructure Modifications • Electrical Modifications ü Cable repairs and replacement ü upgrade of kicker Pulse Forming Network’s (PFN) ü Purchase 6 sets of Booster dipole magnet coils, repair one magnet ü Replace 8 sets of magnet coils around AGS injection area’s • Mechanical Modifications ü Build a spare Booster extraction septum magnet & AGS injection septum magnet ü AGS RC networks upgrade for high current beams • Instrumentation ü Upgrade & repair loss monitor systems ü High beam current wall monitors ü remote gain control on Booster To AGS instrumentation ü repair and upgrade AGS ring grounds monitor systems • Controls ü replace obsolete hardware and support modifications Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 14

Booster Modifications • Booster Injection ü C 5 and C 7 magnet coil failures • Collimation system ü Reduce activation of injection components, reducing possibility of magnet failure • Heavy Ion Inflector Protection ü Prevent damage to inflector from High Intensity Protons • Fast RF Feedback ü greater stability and improved beam loading compensation for High Intensity Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 15

Booster Injection Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 16

Booster Injection • Reducing the risk of a C 7 magnet failure ü Add Carbon Block absorber to C 7 magnet, to absorb and diffuse unstripped H- particles. ü Add Carbon Block absorber in Quad Upstream of C 7, located to catch H 0 • Main Issue is does this significantly reduce acceptance? • Reducing the risk of a C 5 magnet failure ü Restrict acceptance of transfer line, to prevent beam scraping at entrance to C 5 (collimation in transfer line) • assumes cause is beam scraping at or near the entrance ü Add Carbon Block between vacuum chamber and coils on inside of C 5 magnet, to diffuse and absorb lost particles. Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 17

C 3 Inflector Protection Inflector septum distortion. Should be perfectly flat. Presumed cause is high intensity protons scraping on the septum. Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 18

AGS Modifications • AGS Impedance ü Reduce impedance and improve ground monitoring. • AGS RF ü New LLRF needs to be modified to operate for high intensity protons. • Extraction Bumps Switch ü AGS extraction bumps operate in a different state for RHIC than for g-2, and thus a switch is required to change the state between the two. • Extraction Fast Kicker (G 10) high intensity re-furbishing ü Modifications required to get the kicker power supply systems prepared for high intensity operation, as well as concurrent operation for RHIC/g-2. Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 19

Booster and AGS Modifications Contents 1. Introduction: g-2 Past Performance 2. Overview of Basic Areas Requiring Improvements 3. Requirements 4. Environment and Safety Modifications 5. Basic Infrastructure Modifications 6. Booster Modifications 7. AGS Modifications 8. Costs 9. Summary 10. Supplemental Material Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 20

Direct Costs Summary Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 21

Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 22

Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 23

Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 24

Summary • To operate g-2 at the same performance levels as in the past, requires new investment to upgrade aging infrastructure and to comply with current safety and environmental policies. • Operation of a high intensity, high beam power accelerator requires ü Managing Occupational dose to workers (ALARA) ü minimization of environmental impact ü reducing the risk of equipment failure due to radiation damage ü reducing the risk of fire and exposure to hazards ü minimizing the impact on other experimental programs • C-AD is committed to the success of g-2 and the infrastructure improvements program is focused on achieving g-2 goals. Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 25

Booster and AGS Modifications Contents 1. Introduction: g-2 Past Performance 2. Overview of Basic Areas Requiring Improvements 3. Requirements 4. Environment and Safety Modifications 5. Basic Infrastructure Modifications 6. Booster Modifications 7. AGS Modifications 8. Costs 9. Summary 10. Supplemental Material Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 26

Booster & AGS Performance Imposed limits to lost beam power to maintain hands-on maintenance (ALARA). • AGS FEB operation, 2. 8 s cycle AGS cycle time, 6 Booster cycles Throughput 28 Tp/sec, Booster Late & 21 Tp/sec, AGS Late Table 3: FEB 10 Pulse Ave. Data (representative running from March 2000) Intensity (Tp/cycle) Efficiency (%) Beam Loss (Tp/cycle) ALARA (Tp/cycle) Loss (k. W) Loss/m (W/m) Linac 112. 59 - - - Booster Injected 87. 43 77. 6 25. 2 28 0. 29 1. 4 Booster Extracted 78. 70 90. 0 8. 7 9. 3 0. 48 2. 4 AGS Injected 63. 41 80. 6 15. 3 16. 5 1. 72 2. 1** Before Transition 60. 13 94. 8 3. 9 0. 85 1. 1 After Transition 59. 64 99. 2 0. 5 (4. 5) 0. 25 AGS Late 59. 52 99. 8 0. 11 0. 14 4. 7 ** assumed lost in AGS Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 27

Fast RF Feedback Line density from wall current monitor. RF gap volts sum. 1 st and 2 nd harmonic cavities at injection during RF capture. h=1+2, RF capture at injection. 4 turns per sweep. Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 28

Impedance Reduction • Fewer RC Networks and more shorted vacuum chambers • New RC Networks capable of higher power dissipation • New Electrostatic septum • Fewer ceramic coated vacuum flanges Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 29

BTA Upgrade to 2 Ge. V Upgrade BTA + AGS injection from 1. 9 Ge. V with large mismatch to 2. 0 Ge. V without mismatch improved space charge limit and no halo formation ( “ 1 ms loss”) All elements except kickers are OK AGS injection kicker: add kicker modules Kevin Brown, BNL Booster & AGS Modifications and g-2 Beam Requirements 9/25/2020 30