Book of Deuteronomy Book of Deuteronomy Literary Structure
Book of Deuteronomy
Book of Deuteronomy Literary Structure of Book: Resembles a Second-millennium B. C treaty between a suzerain and vassal. Suzerain: A nation that controls a dependent nation’s international affairs but otherwise allows it to control its internal affairs Vassal: Somebody who was obliged to show loyalty and homage to a lord in return for being allowed to occupy land belonging to the lord and receiving his protection
Book of Deuteronomy Literary Form of ANE Treaty: Pre-Amble Deut 1: 1 -5 Historical Prologue Deut 1: 6 -4: 49 Stipulations General Deut 5 -11 Specific Deut 12 -26 Blessings/Curses Deut 27 -28
Book of Deuteronomy Literary Structure of Book: Sermons/Speeches of Moses Sermon 1: Deut 1: 1 -4: 40 Remembering Great God-Events Sermon 2: Deut 5: 1 -28: 68 Blessings/Curses Sermon 3: Deut 29 -33 Covenant Renewal Succession of Joshua
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon D E U T E R O N O M Y
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon GENESIS EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS D E U T E R O N O M Y
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon GENESIS EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS D E U T E R O N O M Y
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon GENESIS EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS D E U T E R O N O M Y JOSHUA JUDGES SAMUEL KINGS
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon GENESIS EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS D E U T E R O N O M Y JOSHUA JUDGES SAMUEL KINGS
Book of Joshua
Joshua: More than Jericho Chap 1 - Reassure Joshua 1: 1 -5 God’s “I will” 1: 6 -9 Joshua’s “I will” Chap 2 - Rahab and Spies 2: 4 Is this about Lying or the Lord See Matt 1, Heb 11, James 2: 24 -25
Joshua: More than Jericho Chap 3 - Crossing the Jordan 3: 15 a Who Leads the People? 3: 15 b Time of the Crossing 3: 15 a Show Me the Faith
Joshua: More than Jericho Chap 5 & 6 - Taking of Jericho 5: 13 -15 General Who? Does he play favorites? 6: 17 -21 Destroy it all!
Problems in the Promised Land Joshua 6 God’s Command: Utterly Destroy herem ~r; x'
Problems in the Promised Land Joshua 6 Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s): Do not let them live in your land, or they will cause you to sin against me, because the worship of their gods will certainly be a snare to you. Ex 23: 33 And when you choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same. Ex 34: 16
Problems in the Promised Land Joshua 6 Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s): Deuteronomy 20: 16 -18 16 However, in the cities of the nations the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, do not leave alive anything that breathes. 17 Completely destroy them-- the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites-- as the LORD your God has commanded you. 18 Otherwise, they will teach you to follow all the detestable things they do in worshiping their gods, and you will sin against the LORD your God.
Problems in the Promised Land Joshua 6 Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s): Lev 27: 28 -29 28 "'But nothing that a man owns and devotes to the LORD-whether man or animal or family land-- may be sold or redeemed; everything so devoted is most holy to the LORD. 29 "'No person devoted to destruction may be ransomed; he must be put to death.
What herem is! God reminding us He is sovereign over all the earth, possessions, and inhabitants • All is His; we are caretakers of His garden
What herem is! God is judging sin as the destroyer of His creation, land, and people. • Genesis 15: 16 • Archaeology • Rahab (Joshua 2: 8 -13)
More on herem! Joshua 7 God’s own commentary of Israel’s sin (Joshua 7: 11): They have taken devoted thing ALSO They have stolen ALSO They have lied ALSO They have possessed ALSO
More on herem! Joshua 7 Behavior of Achan • 7: 16 -20 Not confession but caught • 7: 21 I saw, I coveted, I took Echoes of Gen 3 & Ex 20
More on herem! Joshua 7 Punishment of Achan • 7: 23 Spread before the Lord Mocking God’s Role in Victory (to the victor go the spoils) • 7: 25 Threatening the well-being of community life, at time of war.
More on herem! Joshua 7 Punishment of Achan • Plunder was un-necessary, for he appears wealthy (7: 24) • Punishment described was herem, same as Canaanites
More on herem! Joshua 7 • Sin has a corporate or a community nature about it! • Wrongdoing by individual has effects upon all (1 Cor 5: 6)
What herem is! God is demonstrating His Righteousness. • God did not favor Israel • God did judge Israel
Outline of Joshua I. Israel Conquers Land • Preparation (1 -5) • Conquer Central (6 -9) • Conquer South (10) • Conquer North (11 -12)
Outline of Joshua II. Israel Divides the Land • Hint of Problems 13: 1; 13: 13 • Distribution of Land (13 -19)
Outline of Joshua III. Israel Renews Covenant • Warning, Land is yours, by Faith 23: 1 -16 See esp. 23: 6 -11 • Review of God’s Grace (Note pronouns) 24: 1 -13 • Covenant Renewal 24: 14 -19
Book of Judges
Book of Judges Summary at the Start In Joshua: The children of Israel entered the promised land God’s anger turned against pagans In Judges: The children of Israel are hanging on to the land God’s anger turned against Israel’s sin.
Book of Judges Ending and Beginning Judges Explicitly Ends: In those days there was no king in Israel, everyone did as he saw fit (21: 25) Judges Implicitly Begins: “After the death of Joshua…” (1: 1)
Book of Judges III. I. Specific Yahweh’s faithfulness manifested Israel’s amidst Israel’s faithlessness through instances of unfaithful chaos and repeated divine deliverances -ness 2: 6 16: 3117: 1 21: 25 unfaithfulness and A. B. Recurring cycles: A. B. inablility Prep. Incident sin to drive sum (esp. oppressio surround out deliveranc idolatry) n from d-ing e and rest mar inhabitan neighbors Micah Benjami y and n-ites ts from and Danites the land 3 petition judge fold pur 2: 6 pos 16: 3117: 1 18: 3119: 1 21: 25 2: 5 3: 6 3: 7 1: 1 King e “There was no king [Ibzan, [Shamg Abimele [Tola, Jairin Israel - Every Elon, 12 Judges ar-3: 31] ch 10: 1 - Abdonman did what was -6 major 5] 12: 7 -15] in his own Othniel Ehud Deborah(ch. 9) Gideon Jephthah right Samson -6 minor eyes. ” (17: 6; 18: 1; (3: 7 -11) (3: 12 -30) (4: 1 -5: 30) (6: 1 -8: 35) (10: 6 -12: 6)
Judges 2: 6 -3: 6 - Survey 2: 6 I. Loss of Knowledge of Yahweh A. Generation of Witness Obedience(6 -7) B. Death of Joshua and his generation(8 -10 a) 2: 10 C. Generation of ignorance of Yahweh (10 b) 2: 11 II. Pattern of Israel’s Rejection of Yahweh, with Yahweh’s Response of Anger and Compassion A. Israel’s Apostasy (2: 11 -13) B. Yahweh’s Response (2: 14 -3: 6) 1. Response-Anger (2: 14 -15) “So the anger oppression as punishment of Yahweh was kindled 2. Response- Compassion (2: 16 -19) against deliverance through Judges vs. Israel’s stubborn Israel”(2: 14) refusal to alter its evil, idolatrous ways 3. Response-Anger (2: 20 -3: 6) “So the anger Nations allowed to remain as punishment and test-a test of Yahweh which Israel fails (3: 5 -6) (Climax) was kindled against Israel”(2: 20) Note: Failure of Israel to respond properly no matter what course Yahweh pursues. 3: 6
Book of Judges Outline I. Introductory Remarks (1 -2) II. Major Judges (3 -16) III. Appendex (17 -21)
Book of Judges Two Kinds of Leaders in the Old Testament Israel: I. Hereditary Leaders a. Priests b. Kings II. Inspirational Leaders a. Prophets b. Judges III. Their calling comes from a dramatic encounter with God.
Sin Cycle of Judges Sin (especially idolatry) Destruction, oppression from neighbors and restoration Deliverance Emergence of judge Petition
1. 3: 7 -11 - Othniel 2. 3: 12 -30 - Ehud 3. 4: 1 -5: 30 - Deborah 4. 6: 1 -8: 35 - Gideon 5. 10: 6 -12: 6 - Jephthah 6. 13: 1 -16: 31 - Samson sin destruction complacency sin deliverance- destruction restoration crying (petition? )
Book of Judges An Example from Judge Ehud Sin 3: 12 Destruction 3: 13 -14 Cry to Lord 3: 15 Lord Raises Judge 3: 15 b Deliverance 3: 15 ff
Book of Ruth
Book of Ruth The problem: Naomi is Afflicted 1: 1 The solution: God’s Plan to make Naomi 1: 22 2: 1 Genealogy from Perez Full through Boaz and Obed to David 4: 17 Tragic Consequent Ruth’s initial Ruth’s marriage to events separation favor from Boaz, and birth of and Boaz Obed mourning 1: 1 1: 51: 6 1: 22 2: 1 2: 23 3: 1 4: 17 4: 18 4: 22
Ruth in Brief Author: Unknown Date: The Days of the Judges
Books of Samuel/Kings
Book of 1 Samuel God Grants a King 1. Period of Transition (1 -7) 2. Call for A King (8 -12) 3. Loss of King Saul (13 -15) 4. Rise of David (16 -31)
1 Samuel THE RULE (JUDGESHIP) OF SAMUEL THE RULE (KINGSHIP) OF SAUL (VS. ELI’S HOUSE) (VS. DAVID) Eli Saul Samuel David 1: 1 12: 25 THE RISE OF SAMUEL’S HOUSE AND DECLINE OF ELI’S HOUSE 1: 1 7: 17 THE RISE OF THE MONARCHY UNDER SAMUEL 8: 1 12: 25 13: 1 G E N E R A L 31: 13 SAUL’S HE FATAL AD DISOBEDIENCE I NG Appointment and Rejection 13: 1 13: 2 SAUL’S ENCOUNTERS WITH HIS SUCCESSOR 15: 35 16: 1 31: 31
Book of 2 Samuel David’s Reign 1. David’s Rise (1 -10) David at his best 2. David’s Fall David at his worst (11 -24)
2 Samuel I. The Reign of David as III. Various Characterized by Prosperity Characterized by Problems Events and Growth Family and Decline Family Persons Related to (Blessing) (Curse) David’s Rule Reign 1: 1 10: 1911: 1 20: 2621: 1 24: 25 A. Occasi on for David’s reign: Death of Saul and Jonath an 1: 1 -27 B. Negative B. Establishment A. A. of David’s Throne David’s Consequences Gibeonit and Family sin and of David’s Sin es-ch. 21 for his Family repent. B. Song 10: 19 ance 2: 1 and Rule 20: 26 22: 1 -23: 7 13: 1 1. David 2. David C. 2. Establishe PIVO 1. Problems Mighty d at T Surroundi Men 23: 8 Jerusalem Hebron ng David’s -39 (King of all Rule. D. Family Israel) Judah)4: 125: 1 13: 1 2: 1 11: 1 -12: 31 14: 33 15: 1 10: 19 Rebellion 20: 26 Plague 13: 23 -14: 33 ch. 24 13: 1 -22 Absolom’s murder Amnon’s of Amnon incestuous
Book of 1 Kings United We Stand; Divided We Fall 1. United Kingdom (1 -11) 2. Divided Kingdom (12 -22)
Book of 2 Kings End of a Nation 1. Divided Kingdom (1 -17) 2. Judah Alone (18 -25)
Survey-Books of 1 -2 Kings II. The Divided Kingdom I. The United Kingdom (Various Kings) I Kings (Solomon) I Kings 25: 30 C. The B. The Kings of Israel and A. The B. The C. The A. The Kings of Establish Glorious Apo- Divisio Judah 2 Kings -ment of Achieveme stasy n of the I Kings 25: 3 17: 41 18: 113: 1 Solomon nts of Kingdo Rehoboam Abijam of Jehoram Amaziah Hezekiah 0 14: 21 -31 15: 1 -8 8: 16 -24 12: 21; I Kings ’s Reign Solomon Solom m I Kings 2 Kings 14: 1 -22 18: 120: 21 Ahaziah Uzziah 10: 29 on 3: 1 8: 25 -10: 36 14: 23 -15: 7 Manasse PIVOT 11: 4312: 1 1: 1 Asa Athaliah Jotham h 15: 8 -24 11: 1 -20 15: 8, 32 -38 Jehoshaphat 21: 1 -18 Joash Ahaz 15: 24 -and 22: 18: 15 11: 21 -12: 21 Amon 50 16: 1 -20 Kings of 21: 19 -26 Judah Various Prophets - Elijah & Elisha - Various Josiah Prophets 17: 1 13: 31 22: 1 Kings of Israel 23: 30 Zecharia I Kings 2 Kings Jehoaha h Jeroboam Nadab Ahaziah. Jehoahaz 15: 8 -12 Hoshe z Elah 1: 1 -16 13: 1 -9 a 12: 25 -14: 20 15: 25 -32 Jehora Jehoash 17: 1 -6 23: 31 -35 16: 7 -14 m 13: 10 -13 Shallum Jehoiaki 1: 17 - Jeroboam 15: 13 -16 m Baasha 8: 29 II Menahe Zimri Jehu 14: 23 -29 m 23: 36 I Kings 15: 33 -16: 6 9: 115: 17 -22 3: 1 - 5: 124: 7 16: 15 -20 10: 36 Pekahiah 1: 1 2: 46 4: 34 10: 29 11: 1 -43 12: 1 -33 15: 23 -26 Jehoiach Omri Pekah in of Judah Ahab Exile of Israel 15: 27 -31 Exile 16: 21 -28 to Babylon to Assyria (17: 1 -Summary 24: 8 -17 16: 29 - 2. 1. Wisdo Temple m and wealth palace (primar -ily person-regal) 41) (23: 36 -25: 30) (17: 7 -41)
Reigns of 1 -2 Samuel Israel Asks for a King 1. Demand (1 Sam 8: 1 -5) 2. Warnings (8: 6 -18) 3. Rejection (8: 19 -20)
Reigns of 1 -2 Samuel Saul, 1 st King The Look of a King (1 Sam 9) The Heart of a Loser (17)
Reigns of 1 -2 Samuel Saul, Loss of a King (13 -15) Leadership Lessons 1. Obedience is better than sacrifice (15: 22). 2. Kings must answer to God, not people (15: 24).
Reigns of 1 -2 Samuel David, Man After God’s Heart • A model beginning (17) • A patient king-elect (24: 6; 26: 9) • An eternal covenant (2 Sam 7) • A fall from grace (2 Sam 11) • A dysfunctional family
Reigns of 1 -2 Samuel David, Man After God’s Heart • Submissive • Prayer • Forgiveness • Covenant-Maker
Reigns of 1 -2 Samuel David is God’s Choice for Leader because God is David’s Choice for Lord David is example for all future kings. (1 Kings 14: 8; 2 Kings 18: 3)
Reigns of 1 -2 Kings Solomon • Wise request (1 Kings 3) • Temple Construction (1 Kings 5 -7) • Temple Dedication (1 Kings 8) Note 1 Kings 8: 30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 45 “Hear from Heaven” God’s presence is not limited to the Temple
Reigns of 1 -2 Kings Northern Kingdom (Israel) 19 Kings, all evil Israel destroyed by Assyria in 722 B. C. by Shalmaneser V. Southern Kingdom (Judah) survived as a vassal. (Isaiah 7)
Reigns of 1 -2 Kings Southern Kingdom (Judah) 20 Kings, mixed leadership Judah destroyed by Babylon in 587 B. C. by Nebuchadnezzar. Solomon’s temple destroyed; people in exile.
Northern Kingdom (Israel) 930 - 722 B. C. Destroyed by Assyria Kings Saul, David Solomon United We Stand… Divided We Fall Southern Kingdom (Judah) 930 -587 B. C. Babylon Conquest
Reigns of 1 -2 Kings Themes from the Kings: 1. Faithfulness brings blessings; faithlessness brings judgment 2. In the face of men’s sin; God’s covenant never wavers
1 & 2 Chronicles in Brief Books of Samuel and Kings verses Books of Chronicles • S & K = prophetic viewpoint C = priestly viewpoint • S & K = national (Israel & Judah) focus C = Judah alone • S & K = political & military history C = religious reform
1 & 2 Chronicles in Brief Purposes of the Books of Chronicles 1. Historic Purpose • View of history from divine perspective. Rather than starting with Samuel, Chronicles reports from Adam’s creation to King Cyrus (538 B. C. ) 2. Canonical Purpose • When OT canon was put together (by Ezra) 1 & 2 Chronicles falls at the end. Historical reflection.
Post-Exilic Books in Brief
Post-Exilic Books in Brief Book of Ezra-Nehemiah 1. Author/Complier: Ezra, the priest 2. Date: 538 -430 B. C. , covers the time of • First return of Zerubbabel (537) to rebuild temple • Second return under Ezra (457 B. C. ) to set up worship in temple • Third return under Nehemiah (444 B. C. ) to rebuild walls of Jerusalem
Esther in Brief Book of Esther 1. Author/Complier: Mordecai? 2. Date: 483 -473 B. C. , covers the time of King Ahasuerus’ reign in Persia. The events of the book fit between Ezra 6 & 7. 3. The Drama of Esther • Though Jews are in exile, away from Temple and presence of the Lord • His covenant-love is still intact
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