Book chapter 1 Computer Organization and Architecture By

Book – chapter 1 Computer Organization and Architecture By William Stallings Pub. : Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

Outline l l l Overview The Computer System The CPU The Control Unit Parallel Organization

Architecture & Organization 1 l Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer n n l Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e. g. , Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented n n Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e. g. , Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

Architecture & Organization 2 l l l All Intel x 86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture This gives code compatibility n n l At least backwards Q. Why not forward? Organization differs between different versions

Structure & Function l l Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure All computer functions are: 1. Data movement 2. Data storage 3. Data processing – n from/to storage n from storage to I/O 4. Control

Possible Computer Operations (1) Data movement

Possible Computer Operations (2) Data Storage

Possible Computer Operation (3) Data Processing from/to storage

Possible Computer Operation (4) Data Processing from storage to I/O

Structure is the way in which components relate to each other The Computer n CPU – Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. n Main memory – Stores data n I/O – Moves data between the computer and its external environment n System interconnection – Provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O

Peripherals: Equipment, such as extra screens, printers, or plotters, that can be attached to a computer. Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals – what is it? Main Memory CPU Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication lines

Structure - The CPU Computer Registers ALU I/O System Bus Memory CPU Internal CPU Interconnection Control Unit

Structure - The Control Unit CPU Sequencing Logic ALU Internal Bus Registers Control Unit Registers and Decoders Control Memory

Internet Resources - Web site for book l http: //williamstallings. com/COA 7 e. html n n l links to sites of interest links to sites for courses that use the book errata list for book information on other books by W. Stallings http: //William. Stallings. com/Student. Support. html n n Math How-to Research resources Misc

Internet Resources - Web sites to look for l l l WWW Computer Architecture Home Page CPU Info Center – find? ACM Special Interest Group (SIG) on Computer Architecture https: //www. sigarch. org/ IEEE Technical Committee (TC) on Computer Architecture http: //www. ieeetcca. org/ Intel Technology Journal Manufacturer’s sites n Intel, IBM, etc.

Q. Key terms? l l l l l arithmetic and logic unit central processing unit (CPU) computer architecture computer organization control unit input–output (I/O) main memory processor registers system bus

Q 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What, in general terms, is the distinction between computer organization and computer architecture? What, in general terms, is the distinction between computer structure and computer function? What are the four main functions of a computer? List and briefly define the main structural components of a computer. List and briefly define the main structural components of a processor.