Bones of the appendicular skeleton The Skeleton Appendicular

Bones of the appendicular skeleton

The Skeleton: Appendicular Skeleton

Acromioclavicular joint Clavicle Scapula Articulated pectoral girdle

Sternal (medial) end Posterior Anterior Acromial (lateral) end (b) Right clavicle, superior view Figure 7. 24 b

Acromion Suprascapular notch Superior border Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Lateral border Superior angle Subscapular fossa Medial border (a) Right scapula, anterior aspect Inferior angle Figure 7. 25 a

Suprascapular notch Coracoid process Superior angle Supraspinous fossa Spine Infraspinous fossa Acromion Glenoid cavity at lateral angle Medial border Lateral border (b) Right scapula, posterior aspect

Acromion Supraspinous fossa Supraglenoid tubercle Coracoid process Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Posterior Spine Glenoid cavity Infraspinous fossa Infraglenoid tubercle Subscapular fossa Anterior (c) Right scapula, lateral aspect Inferior angle

Humerus Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular sulcus Head of humerus Anatomical neck Deltoid tuberosity Lateral supracondylar ridge Radial fossa Capitulum (a) Anterior view Coronoid fossa Medial epicondyle Trochlea

Radial notch of the ulna Head Neck Radial tuberosity Olecranon process Trochlear notch Coronoid process Proximal radioulnar joint Interosseous membrane Ulna Head of radius Neck of radius Radius Ulnar notch Radius of the radius Head of ulna Styloid process of ulna process Distal radioulnar Styloid process of radius joint of radius (a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view

Olecranon process Trochlear notch View Coronoid process Radial notch (c) Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view Ulnar notch of radius Articulation for lunate Articulation for scaphoid Styloid process View Styloid Head of ulna process (d) Distal ends of the radius and ulna at the wrist

Humerus Capitulum Coronoid fossa Medial epicondyle Trochlea Coronoid process of ulna Radial notch Ulna (c) Anterior view at the elbow region Head of radius Radial tuberosity Radius Humerus Olecranon process Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Head Ulna Neck Radius (d) Posterior view of extended elbow

Phalanges • Distal • Middle • Proximal Metacarpals • Head • Shaft • Base Sesamoid bones Carpals • Trapezium • Trapezoid • Scaphoid Carpals • Hamate • Capitate • Pisiform • Triquetrum • Lunate Ulna Radius (a) Anterior view of left hand Radius (b) Posterior view of left hand Recommend a mnemonic device here: SLTPTTCH

Pelvic (Hip) Girdle • Two hip bones (each also called coxal bone or os coxae) – Attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton with strong ligaments – Transmit weight of upper body to lower limbs – Support pelvic organs • Each hip bone consists of three fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis • Together with the sacrum and the coccyx, these bones form the bony pelvis

Base of sacrum Iliac fossa Coxal bone llium (os coxae or hip Pubic bone) bone Iliac crest Sacroiliac joint Anterior superior iliac spine Sacral promontory Sacrum Coccyx Anterior inferior iliac spine Pelvic brim Acetabulum Pubic tubercle Pubic crest Pubic symphysis Ischium Pubic arch

Anterior gluteal line Posterior superior i. Iiac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Ischial body Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Ischium Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine Inferior gluteal line Anterior inferior iliac spine Acetabulum Pubic body Pubis Inferior ramus of pubis Obturator foramen Ischial ramus (a) Lateral view, right hip bone

Ilium Iliac crest Iliac fossa Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Auricular surface Greater sciatic notch Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Obturator foramen Ischium Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior Body of iliac spine the ilium Arcuate line Superior ramus of pubis Pubic tubercle Articular surface of pubis (at pubic symphysis) Ischial ramus Inferior ramus of pubis (b) Medial view, right hip bone Figure 7. 30 b

Table 7. 4

Neck Fovea capitis Greater trochanter Head Intertrochanteric crest Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera Apex Anterior Facet for medial condyle of femur Facet for lateral condyle of femur Lateral condyle Medial and lateral supracondylar lines Surface for patellar Posterior ligament (a) Patella (kneecap) Intercondylar fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial condyle Adductor tubercle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Patellar surface Anterior view Posterior view (b) Femur (thigh bone)

Lateral condyle Head Proximal tibiofibular joint Intercondylar eminence Medial condyle Tibial tuberosity Interosseous membrane Anterior border Fibula Tibia Distal tibiofibular joint Lateral malleolus Articular surface Medial malleolus (a) Anterior view

Articular surface of medial condyle Medial condyle Articular surface of lateral condyle Head of fibula Interosseous membrane Tibia Fibula Articular surface Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus (b) Posterior view Figure 7. 32 b

Distal Middle Proximal 1 Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Navicular Talus Trochlea of talus (a) Superior view 2 3 4 5 Phalanges Metatarsals Lateral cuneiform Cuboid Tarsals Calcaneus The new milc curdled