Bodycentric wireless communication Wearable Electronics Technological Aspects Zbynk
Body-centric wireless communication Wearable Electronics: Technological Aspects Zbyněk Raida raida@vut. cz Vytvořeno za podpory projektu OP VVV Moderní a otevřené studium techniky CZ. 02. 2. 69/0. 0/16_015/0002430
Contents § Textile material in role of microwave substrate: - characterization (permittivity, losses) - conductive surfaces (printing) - conductive walls (sewing) § Special technologies [lamination, conductive gluing] § Active textile-integrated structures [power divider, charger] raida@vut. cz 2
Wearable electronics raida@vut. cz 3
Characterization of fabrics Microstrip two-line method: § S-parameters measured (5 x) § Forward and backward average transmissions computed § Responses approximated (matrix pencil, linear) § Dielectric constant and loss tangent evaluated raida@vut. cz SEILER, P. ; KLEIN, B. ; PLETTEMEIER, D. Broadband characterization of planar transmission line substrate permittivity up to 67 GHz. In 2014 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Conference Proceedings, 2014, p. 373 -374. 4
Characterization of fabrics JB 236 T 253 (Jersey + PU membrane) A top layer of the 3 D knitted fabric which is covered by an impermeable membrane from one side (96% cotton, 4% Lycra) raida@vut. cz 5
Characterization of fabrics JB 236 T 253 (Jersey + PU membrane) raida@vut. cz 6
Characterization of fabrics Sample Height [mm] r @5. 8 GHz [-] Density [kg/m 3] Composition T 02 3 D 041 white 3. 41 1. 22 144. 0 35 % PES f 36, 65 % PET T 05 3 D 096 blue 3. 07 1. 18 168. 7 52 % PES, 48% PET T 08 3 D 106 beige 2. 70 1. 11 106. 3 58 % PESh, 42 % PES inflammable T 10 3 D 122 1. 40 1. 32 230. 7 54 % PESh, 46 % PES raida@vut. cz 7
High permittivity characterization Coaxial line method: § Measuring transmissions and reflections raida@vut. cz 8
High permittivity characterization raida@vut. cz 9
Characterization of yarns § Substrate (textile) integrated components: electrical and mechanical parameters of yarns raida@vut. cz 10
Characterization of yarns mass density material type Stainless steel Bekinox VN 14. 1. 9. 200 Z Bekinox VN 12. 100 Z Bekinox VN 12. 3. 2. 175 S resistivity producer 110 tex 70 W/m Bekaert 235 tex 30 W/m Bekaert 760 tex 9, 3 W/m Bekaert raida@vut. cz 11
Characterization of yarns raida@vut. cz 12
Characterization of yarns 70 g 500 g DC 100 k. Hz 2. 73 69 69 69 5. 72 63 NA NA 6. 14 14 15 15 7. 50 31 38 29 8. 11 9 10 9 12. 15 13 14 13 raida@vut. cz 13
Characterization of yarns raida@vut. cz 14
Characterization of yarns raida@vut. cz 15
Side walls: corrugations VÉLIM, J. ; JAROČ, O. ; MRNKA, M. 3 D-textile integrated corrugated horn antenna. COMITE 2017, Brno: IEEE. DOI: 10. 1109/COMITE. 2017. 7932312 raida@vut. cz 16
Screen printing § § Aurel C 880 screen printer Digiflex-Master foil by Alphaset ESL 1901 -S polymer silver paste by ESL Paste cured at 80°C for 30 min. raida@vut. cz 17
Screen printing ŠPŮREK, J. ; VÉLIM, J. ; CUPAL, M. ; RAIDA, Z. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; HUBÁLEK, J. Slot loop antennas printed on 3 D textile substrate. MIKON 2016, Krakow (Poland): IEEE. ISBN: 978 -1 -5090 -2213 -7 raida@vut. cz 18
Screen printing ŠPŮREK, J. ; VÉLIM, J. ; CUPAL, M. ; RAIDA, Z. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; HUBÁLEK, J. Slot loop antennas printed on 3 D textile substrate. MIKON 2016, Krakow (Poland): IEEE. ISBN: 978 -1 -5090 -2213 -7 raida@vut. cz 19
Screen printing ŠPŮREK, J. ; VÉLIM, J. ; CUPAL, M. ; RAIDA, Z. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; HUBÁLEK, J. Slot loop antennas printed on 3 D textile substrate. MIKON 2016, Krakow (Poland): IEEE. ISBN: 978 -1 -5090 -2213 -7 raida@vut. cz 20
Fitting surfaces § Tested technologies: top bottom silicone rubber N 8200 polyurethane R-30 raida@vut. cz 21
Rectangular slot softshell HUBÁLEK, J. ; LÁČÍK, J. ; PUSKELY, J. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; RAIDA, Z. ; VAŠINA, P. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Association on Antennas and Propagation. ISBN: 978 -88 -907018 -6 -3. 22
Rectangular slot copper foil single print double print triple print HUBÁLEK, J. et al. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Association on Antennas and Propagation. 23
Rectangular slot copper foil single print double print triple print HUBÁLEK, J. et al. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Association on Antennas and Propagation. 24
Conductive fabrics § Textile substrate: fleece, 2. 2 mm thick § Conductive thread: Shieldex® 235/34 dtex 4 ply HC+B § Conductive fabrics: NI/CI Nylon Ripstop by Laird Technology raida@vut. cz 25
Conductive fabrics HUBÁLEK, J. ; LÁČÍK, J. ; PUSKELY, J. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; RAIDA, Z. ; VAŠINA, P. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Association on Antennas and Propagation. ISBN: 978 -88 -907018 -6 -3. 26
Conductive fabrics f=5. 8 GHz ARLON substrate Textile substrate HUBÁLEK, J. ; LÁČÍK, J. ; PUSKELY, J. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; RAIDA, Z. ; VAŠINA, P. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Association on Antennas and Propagation. ISBN: 978 -88 -907018 -6 -3. 27
Conductive fabrics f=5. 8 GHz ARLON substrate Textile substrate HUBÁLEK, J. ; LÁČÍK, J. ; PUSKELY, J. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; RAIDA, Z. ; VAŠINA, P. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Association on Antennas and Propagation. ISBN: 978 -88 -907018 -6 -3. 28
Conductive fabrics f=5. 8 GHz ARLON substrate Textile substrate HUBÁLEK, J. ; LÁČÍK, J. ; PUSKELY, J. ; PRÁŠEK, J. ; RAIDA, Z. ; VAŠINA, P. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Association on Antennas and Propagation. ISBN: 978 -88 -907018 -6 -3. 29
Inkjet printing HUBÁLEK, J. et al. Wearable antennas: comparison of different concepts. Eu. CAP 2016. Davos: European Associat. Antennas and Propagation. raida@vut. cz 30
Inkjet printing 4 layers 3 layers 2 layers 1 layer raida@vut. cz 31
Inkjet printing § Printer: Dimatix DMP-2831 § Plastic film: Profi-flex (Aplhaset) § Ink: Sigma Aldrich Silverjet DGP-40 LT-15 C raida@vut. cz 32
Inkjet printing § Ag. Ic. cc: inks to be used in conventional printers § Printer Epson L 310, Ag. IC Ink, R = 0, 3 Ω/Sq heating mesh Ink on foil raida@vut. cz 33
Inkjet printing AGIC INC. SAFETY DATA SHEET. [online]. Japan, 2016 [cit. 2017 -2 -15]. https: //agic. cc/downloads/SDS_Ink 1000. pdf raida@vut. cz 34
Conductive gluing § Forbidden soldering: conductive gluing of connectors and components raida@vut. cz 35
Multi-layered structures § Textile antenna array CUPAL, M. ; et al. Textile-integrated electronics for small airplanes. Eu. CAP 2018. London: European Association on Antennas and Propagation, 2018. raida@vut. cz 36
Multi-layered structures § So called lamination CUPAL, M. ; et al. Textile-integrated electronics for small airplanes. Eu. CAP 2018. London: European Association on Antennas and Propagation, 2018. raida@vut. cz 37
Multi-layered structures CUPAL, M. ; et al. Textile-integrated electronics for small airplanes. Eu. CAP 2018. London: European Association on Antennas and Propagation, 2018. raida@vut. cz 38
Multi-layered structures § Radiation patterns CUPAL, M. ; et al. Textile-integrated electronics for small airplanes. Eu. CAP 2018. London: European Association on Antennas and Propagation, 2018. raida@vut. cz 39
Active structures § Reconfigurable power divider CUPAL, M. ; RAIDA, Z. Textile integrated waveguide switch for ISM band 5. 8 GHz. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 2020, vol. 62, no. 4, p. 1564 -1569. https: //doi. org/10. 1002/mop. 32242 raida@vut. cz 40
Active structures § Reconfigurable power divider raida@vut. cz 41
Active structures § Inductive charger textile implementation testing sample raida@vut. cz 42
Summary Advantages § Electronics manufactured in textile production [reduced assembling costs] § Components under protective surface available [glass-laminate panels, covers of seats] § Possible integration of active elements [conductive gluing of diodes, chips, etc. ] raida@vut. cz 43
Summary Problems § Low repeatability of textile production [each series to be characterized] § High losses of materials [new materials to be developed] § Protective layers needed [humidity, abrasion, mechanical stress] § Low mechanical stability of substrates [to be respected by the design] raida@vut. cz 44
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