Body Systems Reproductive Systems 1 Puberty 2 Body

Body Systems Reproductive Systems: 1. Puberty 2. Body Parts 3. Life Choices 4. Pregnancy 5. STIs

Puberty 101 (puberty 101. com) ¥ Puberty is usually defined as the time when the onset of sexual maturity occurs and the reproductive organs become functional. ¥ It is the time when you become physically, mentally, and sexually mature ¥ Different for everyone ¥ Start time – no official date and time ¥ Experiences - some good, some bad

Puberty http: //www. cfsh. ca/Your_Sexual_Health/Puberty. as px

Puberty for Males

Puberty – change happen!

Puberty for Females

Puberty – change happens!

Confusing time – ask questions ¥ Ask questions of people you trust ¥ Friends may think they know but really don’t understand either ¥ Age doesn’t necessarily mean wiser ¥ Don’t believe everything your read or hear ¥ Check your information – it could save you embarrassment or worse

Anatomy – get ready! ¥ It is extremely important to know the correct terminology for human body parts ¥ Sexual predators more likely to abuse child who does not know proper names ¥ Court cases thrown out due to incorrect terminology ¥ Medical conditions misdiagnosed due to lack of information

Anatomy - Males • Male reproductive system outside of body – overheating can cause infertility • Males have two openings – urethra and anus • Circumcision – foreskin removed – cultural or religious choice • Sperm production begins at puberty and continues until death • Sperm produced in testicles • Seminal vesicles add semen (fluid) helping sperm move easier • Prostate gland – Prostate cancer leading cause of death in older men • Vasectomy – cutting or tying the Vas deferens to stop the flow of sperm

Male Reproductive System

Definitions of Male parts ¥ ¥ Seminal Vesicle: pouch like glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder that secrete seminal fluid and nourish and promote the movement of sperm through the urethra. Vas Deferens: transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation. Bladder: is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. Urethra: is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine.

Definitions continued ¥ ¥ ¥ Prostrate Gland: produces seminal fluid (semen). A fluid rich in chemicals and nutrients to help sperm survive in the female reproductive tract. Epididymis: is a coiled segment of the spermatic ducts that serves to store, mature and transport spermatozoa between the testis and the vas deferens. Scrotum: contains the testicles. One of the functions is to regulate the temperature of the testes lower. Testis: are two egg-shaped male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. They produce sperm and the male hormone, testosterone. Penis: The penis is the male reproductive and sexual organ.

Anatomy - Females • Female reproductive system is inside body • Females have three openings – urethra, vagina, anus • Reproductive years are between puberty and menopause (about 10 years to 55 years) • Eggs stored in ovaries – eggs woman is born with is all she has for life • Hysterectomy is a surgical removal of the uterus

Definitions of Female Parts ¥ ¥ ¥ Vagina: is the muscular passageway from the exterior of a woman's body to the cervix. The vagina is lined with mucous membranes and makes sexual intercourse, menstruation and child birth possible. Fallopian Tubes: One of the two Fallopian tubes that transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus (the womb). Cillia moves the egg through the tube to the uterus. Ovary: about the size and shape of an almond and sit just above the fallopian tubes produces a single mature egg for fertilization.

Definitions continued ¥ ¥ Uterus: It is within the uterus that the fetus develops. It is pear shaped organ Labia Majora and Labia Minora: the outer folds of skin of the external female genitalia. It functions to protect the female reproductive organs from infectious organisms Cervix: allows menstrual blood to flow out from the vagina during menstruation. During pregnancy the cervix closes to help keep the fetus in the uterus until birth. Allow the passage of the fetus from the uterus to the vagina. Clitoris: the clitoris is the biological equivalent of the male penis.

Menstrual Cycle • Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining • Approximately every 28 days • Uterus lining prepares for egg • If the egg is not fertilized the lining will shed • Cramping and uncomfortable stomach pains are associated with menstrual cycle

Pregnancy Conception: egg released and meets up with sperm – happens in fallopian tubes • 9 month (40 weeks) of development: • 1 st trimester essential for foetal development • 2 nd trimester – external genital organs begin to develop • 3 rd trimester – earliest point at which foetus can potentially survive outside of womb

Having a baby! • Placenta – sac that holds foetus and amniotic fluid • Umbilical cord – connects mother and foetus – what goes in mother gets into baby • Amniotic fluid – allows for baby to move and survive http: //oneway. jesusanswers. com/images/12 weekfetus. jpg

Having a baby! • Contractions – muscle cramps pushing the baby down towards the vagina • Breech – bottom first, baby in V shape • Natural or vaginal birth – baby delivered through mother’s vagina • Caesarean birth – baby delivered with surgeon’s help through mother’s stomach

It’s a. . . ¥ Sex determined by father ¥ X or Y sperm meets up with Female X egg ¥ XX = female ¥ XY = male ¥ Twins: Identical = single egg dividing ¥ Identical chromosomes ¥ Common placenta ¥ Fraternal = two eggs fertilized by two different sperms ¥ Different chromosomes ¥ Separate placenta ¥ Variety of combinations of girl/boy etc

Abortion – termination of pregnancy ¥ Spontaneous – miscarriage, body spontaneously expels foetus from woman ¥ Therapeutic – medically assisted ¥ Surgical – manual vacuum aspiration (can be performed up to 20 weeks into pregnancy) ¥ Medical - using the drugs Methotrexate and Misoprostol (only available up to 7 weeks)

Safe Sex – avoiding pregnancy and STIs ABSTINENCE = 100% safe and effective!

Contraceptives

Sexually Transmitted Infections Bacterial Viruses Chlamydia Genital Herpes Gonorrhea Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) – warts Syphilis Hepatitis A, B, C Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Trichomoniasis Acquired Immune Deficiency (AIDS) Pubic Lice or Crabs Vaginal Infections and Yeast

Seen or not Seen ¥ Many STIs are treatable, but effective cures are lacking for others, such as HIV, HPV, and hepatitis B and C. Even gonorrhea, once easily cured, has become resistant to many of the older traditional antibiotics. Many STIs can be present in, and spread by, people who do not have any symptoms of the condition and have not yet been diagnosed with an STD.

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • CHLAMYDIA: Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because about three quarters of infected women and about half of infected men have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure

Chlamydia in Women • In women, the bacteria initially infect the cervix and the urethra (urine canal). Women who have symptoms might have an abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating. ¥ others have lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods. ¥ Chlamydial infection of the cervix can spread to the rectum.

Chlamydia in Men • • • Men with signs or symptoms might have a discharge from their penis or a burning sensation when urinating. Men might also have burning and itching around the opening of the penis. Pain and swelling in the testicles are uncommon. Chlamydia can also be found in the throats of women and men having oral sex with an infected partner.

Gonorrhea ¥ The bacteria can be passed from one person to another through vaginal, or anal sex, even when the person who is infected has no symptoms. It can also be passed from a mother to her baby during birth. You cannot catch gonorrhea from a towel, a doorknob, or a toilet seat.

How Does a Girl Know She Has It? ¥A girl who has gonorrhea may have no symptoms at all or her symptoms may be so mild that she doesn't notice them until they become more severe. In some cases, girls will feel a burning sensation when they urinate, or they will have a yellowgreen vaginal discharge

How Does a Guy Know He Has It? ¥ Guys who have gonorrhea are much more likely to notice symptoms, although a guy can have gonorrhea and not know it. Guys often feel a burning sensation when they urinate, and yellowish-white discharge may ooze out of the urethra (at the tip of the penis).

What can Happen? ¥ In girls, the infection can move into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries and can lead to scarring and infertility (the inability to have a baby). ¥ In guys, gonorrhea can spread to the epididymis causing pain and swelling in the testicular area. This can create scar tissue that might make a guy infertile.

Herpes ¥ Sores also can appear inside the vagina and on the cervix (opening to the womb) in women, or in the urinary passage of women and men. ¥ Small red bumps appear first, develop into small blisters, and then become itchy, painful sores that might develop a crust and will heal without leaving a scar.

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus ¥ ¥ HIV is a virus. Viruses such as HIV cannot grow or reproduce on their own, they need to infect the cells of a living organism in order to replicate (The human immune system usually finds and kills viruses fairly quickly, but HIV attacks the immune system itself – the very thing that would normally get rid of a virus. With around 2. 7 million people becoming infected with HIV in 2008, there are now an estimated 33 million people around the world who are living with HIV, including millions who have developed AIDS.

AIDS ¥ Acquired means you can get infected with it; ¥ Immune Deficiency means a weakness in the body's system that fights diseases. ¥ Syndrome means a group of health problems that make up a disease.

Most people get the HIV virus by: ¥ ¥ having sex with an infected person sharing a needle (shooting drugs) with someone who's infected being born when their mother is infected, or drinking the breast milk of an infected woman Getting a transfusion of infected blood used to be a way people got AIDS, but now the blood supply is screened very carefully and the risk is extremely low.

More information ¥ http: //www. cfsh. ca/ ¥ http: //puberty 101. com/ ¥ Family doctor ¥ Fraser Valley Health clinic