BODY SYSTEMS Nervous System Lesson 11 Cardiovascular system

BODY SYSTEMS • Nervous System (Lesson 11) • Cardiovascular system (Lesson 11) • Reproductive system (Lesson 24) • Immune System (Lesson 13, 12)

Can you match them?

Levels of cellular organization

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Purpose: Responds to stimuli Stimulus: a change in an organism’s internal/external environment which requires a response Consists of 2 parts: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: brain and spinal cord PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: neurons, and nerves in the rest of the body

THE BRAIN https: //www. koshland-science -museum. org/explore-thescience/interactives/brainanatomy https: //florida. pbslearningmedi a. org/resource/hs 11. sci. life. stru. scanbrain/scanning-thebrain/? #. Wmifrq 6 n. G 70

Major Parts of the Brain Parietal Lobe Frontal Lobe Occipital Lobe Cerebellum Temporal Lobe Midbrain Brainstem Pons Medulla Oblongata The four lobes are found on each of the two hemispheres of the brain. All the lobes collectively comprise the cerebrum. The cerebellum is a separate smaller section of the brain as well as the brainstem. The diencephalon is not pictured here in the diagram. It is located above the midbrain and contains the thalmic structures; thalmus, hypothalmus, epithalmus.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Purpose: transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells, and wastes away Transports chemical messages Consists of the Heart, and blood vessels and blood

HEART

Blood Vessels

Blood

Factors affecting blood flow • Blood pressure (BP) Systolic: The top number, which is also the higher of the two numbers, measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (when the heart muscle contracts). Diastolic: The bottom number, which is also the lower of the two numbers, measures the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refilling with blood). • Blood volume - Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual. • Resistance - Vascular resistance refers to the resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system and create flow. • Disease - This build up (also called atherosclerosis) narrows the artery walls, restricting the amount of blood flow to the body's tissues. Depending on the arteries where the blockage occurs, this can lead to stroke, heart attack, renal (kidney) artery disease, and other serious conditions. Exercise- Exercise places an increased demand on the cardiovascular system. Oxygen demand by the muscles increases sharply. Metabolic processes speed up and more waste is created. More nutrients are used and body temperature rises. To perform as efficiently as possible the cardiovascular system must regulate these changes and meet the body’s increasing demands.

Reproductive system

Male vs Female

Fertilization

Immune System Purpose: to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body • Skin – also called the integumentary system, the skin is the body’s first line of defense • White Blood Cells – recognize disease agents (antigens) and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens • -- phagocytes are the white blood cell type that actually eats and destroys these antigens • Lymph Nodes – help restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system • • Forms external body covering Protects deeper tissues from injury Synthesizes vitamin D Site of cutaneous receptors • (pain, pressure, etc. ) and sweat and oil glands

Lymphatic System • Carries fat from cells to the blood, helps to fight foreign pathogens • Blood • White blood cells help the body fight disease (larger) • Platelets: form blood clots • Plasma: water, proteins, nutrients, and salts • Lymph fluid • Lymph nodes: filter lymph (removes bacteria, etc) • Lymph vessels: carry lymph • Lymph organs: Spleen, Tonsils … etc store extra white blood cells

Your body’s line of defense: