Body Planes Directional Terms Cavities and Quadrants Foundation

Body Planes, Directional Terms, Cavities, and Quadrants • Foundation Standard 1: Academic Foundation Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and disorders, and medical math principles. 1. 13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human systems • • • Bone anatomy Axial and appendicular skeletal bones Functions of bones Ligaments Types of joints 1. 21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each system • • • body Etiology Pathology Diagnosis Treatment Prevention body 2

Body Planes • Imaginary lines that divide the body. • Useful for reference and visual dissection of a body part or an organ 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. a. Body planes (sagittal, mid-sagittal, coronal/frontal, transverse/horizontal) 3

Body Planes Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane) Divides a body or structure into superior and inferior sections 4

Body Planes Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane) Divides a body or structure into anterior and posterior sections 5

Body Planes Mid-Sagittal Plane Divides a body or structure into equal right and left halves 6

Directional Terms • Directional terms are used to describe the location of structures in relation to other structures. • Each directional term often has an opposite terms. 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. b. Directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep) 7

Directional Terms: Opposites Superior (Cranial) Inferior (Caudal) Anterior (Ventral) Posterior (Dorsal) Medial (Center) Lateral (Side) Proximal (Near) Distal (Far) Superficial (near skin) Deep (away from skin) 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. b. Directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep) 8

Body Cavities • Spaces within the body that contain the internal organs – Dorsal Cavity • Cranial Cavity – houses the brain • Spinal Cavity – bony cavity formed by the vertebra of the spine – houses and protects the spinal cord 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) 9

Body Cavities • Ventral Cavity – Thoracic Cavity • Pleural cavities (2) • Mediastinum • Pericardial cavity • Formed by ribs and diaphragm 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) 10

Body Cavities • Ventral Cavity – Abdominopelvic Cavity • Abdominal Cavity • Pelvic Cavity 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) 11

Abdominal Cavity Contains the: • • • Liver Stomach Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen Kidneys Adrenal glands Small intestines Large intestines 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) 12

Pelvic Cavity Contains the: • Reproductive organs • Urinary bladder • Pelvic colon • Rectum 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. c. Cavities (dorsal, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) 13

Anatomical Quadrants RUQ = Right Upper Quadrant LUQ = Left Upper Quadrant RLQ = Right Lower Quadrant LLQ = Left Lower Quadrant Helps in describing abdominal pain, localizing organs, tumors and other abnormalities 1. 12 Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. ad. Quadrants (upper right, lower right, upper left, and lower left) 14