BODY PLANES AND CAVITIES MRS MESMER HSTE I

BODY PLANES AND CAVITIES MRS. MESMER HSTE I

Body planes are imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate it into sections This allows for directional terms to be used when diagnosing problem or referring to a specific part in the body Physicians and Medical Personal use these terms to better communicate. It is important for the documentation of medical information so that when it is being reviewed by other medical professionals the exact location and position of certain problems will be understood without error.

We will start with looking at the major planes used to divide the total body: 1. Coronal or Frontal Plane 2. Midsaggital Plane 3. Transverse Plane

Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane) A verticle plane running from side to side; divides the body and its parts into anterior and posterior portions. Mid. Sagittal Plane A verticle plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides. Transverse Plane (Axial Plane_ A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts. .

The Transverse Plane Divides body into a top and bottom • Superior (Top) • Cranial (body parts near the head) Superior Cranial Inferior Caudal • Inferior (bottom) • Caudal (body parts near the sacral “tail”)

Midsaggital Plane: Divides body into right and left sides Medial: parts that are close to the midline or plane Lateral: parts that are away from the midline or plane Medial Lateral This cut is a lateral tear, because it is being torn away from the midline

Frontal Plane: Divides the body into front and back Ventral or Anterior: body parts in front of the plane or on the front of the body Dorsal or Posterior: body parts in back of the plane or on the back of the body

PROXIMAL AND DISTAL: used to describe the relationship of and extremity to the main trunk of the body, generally called a point of reference. . for example see below: Looking at the shoulder…. . This area is Proximal to the shoulder: it is closer This area is Distal to the shoulder, it is away from the point of reference

Lets look at all the planes and reference points we have covered so far…. .

Now we will move on to BODYCAVITIES They are defined as spaces within the body that contain vital organs We will look at these: • Dorsal/Posterior • Cranial • Spinal • Ventral/Anterior • Thoracic • Abdominal • Pelvic • Orbital • Nasal • Buccal

Dorsal cavity The smaller of the two main cavities is called the dorsal cavity. As its name implies, it contains organs lying more posterior in the body. The dorsal cavity is divided into two portions. • (Cranial Cavity), The upper portion, which houses the brain • (Spinal Cavity) The lower portion, The vertebral canal which houses the spinal cord

Thoracic cavity The upper ventral, thoracic, or chest cavity contains the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, large blood vessels, and nerves. Diaphragm: Separates the thoracic and the abdominal cavity Diaphragm

Abdominal and pelvic cavity The lower part of the ventral (abdominopelvic) cavity can be further divided into two portions: abdominal portion and pelvic portion. The abdominal cavity upper: stomach, small intestines, most of large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys. The pelvic cavity lower: contains most of the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last part of the large intestine

Orbital Cavity Orbits for the eyes Nasal Cavity For the nose structures

Cranial Cavity Houses the Brain

Buccal Cavity Mouth cavity for the teeth and tongue