Body Organization Review Planes of the Body Transverse

Body Organization Review

Planes of the Body • Transverse plane • Cuts the body into superior and inferior halves. • 2 movements are internal rotation and external rotation. • Frontal plane • Cuts the body into anterior and posterior halves. • 2 movements are abduction and adduction • Sagittal plane • Cuts the body into right and left halves. • 2 movements are flexion and extension.

Directional Terms • Anterior – front, towards the front. • EX: The sternum is anterior to the scapula. • Opposite is posterior. • Posterior – back, towards the back. • EX: The scapula is posterior to the sternum. • Opposite is anterior. • Medial – towards the midline. • EX: The pinkie is medial to the thumb. • Opposite is lateral. • Lateral – away from the midline; towards the side. • EX: The thumb is lateral the pinkie. • Opposite is medial. • Superior – above; towards the top. • Only used on head and trunk. • EX: The head is superior to the hips. • Opposite is inferior. • Inferior – below; towards the bottom. • Only used on head and trunk. • EX: The hips are inferior to the head. • Opposite is superior. • Distal – further away from the trunk or reference point. • Only used on arms and legs. • EX: The wrist is distal to the elbow. • Opposite is proximal. • Proximal – closer to the trunk or reference point. • Only used on arms and legs. • EX: The elbow is proximal to the wrist. • Opposite is distal.

Movement Terms • Flexion – decreasing the angle of a • Internal Rotation – Rotation towards joint; sagittal plane. the midline of the body • Extension – increasing the angle of a • External Rotation – Rotation away joint; sagittal plane. from the midline of the body. • Abduction – movement away from the midline; frontal plane. • Adduction – movement away from the midline; frontal plane.