Body Organization Planes Directional Terms Organized on four
Body Organization, Planes & Directional Terms • Organized on four levels o. Cells o. Tissues o. Organs o. Body systems
Anatomic Position • • • Human standing erect Faced forward Arms at side Palms forward “right” or “left” is always in reference to this position. In other words, it’s from the images perspective.
Body Cavities • Two main cavities o. Dorsal o. Ventral
Dorsal Cavity • Cranial Cavity o Contains the brain • Spinal cavity o contains the spine
Ventral Cavity • Thoracic Cavity o Located within the chest o Contains the heart, lungs and great vessels • Abdominal cavity o Contains major organs of digestion • Pelvic Cavity o Contains reproductive and excretory organs
Anatomical/body planes • • Used to pinpoint or specifically locate an area of the body Remember anatomic position! Anatomical Planes: imaginary flat plates or fields 1. frontal/coronal plane: vertical plane; o Divides into anterior and posterior portions • 2. Sagittal plane: vertical plane passes from front to back o Divides body into right and left halves • 3. transverse: horizontal plane o Divides body into top and bottom halves
Divisions of the abdomen • Left upper quadrant (LUQ) o Contains pancreas, stomach, spleen, large/small intestine • Right upper quadrant (RUQ) o Most of liver, large/small intestine • Right lower quadrant (RLQ) o Appendix, some female reproductive organs, some of the intestine • Left lower quadrant (LLQ) o Some of the intestine and some female reproductive organs
Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen • Hypochondriac(Hypo/chondr/iac) o Pertaining to below the ribs • Epigastric-(Epi/gastr/ic) o Pertaining to above the stomach • Lumbar o Inward curve of the spine • Umbilical o Belly button or navel • Iliac region o Upper hip bone • Hypogastric region o Groin or inguinal area
Directional Terms
Medial • Moving towards the midline of the body
Lateral • Moving towards the outside of the body; opposite of medial
Anterior/ventral • Referring to the front part of the body Posterior/Dorsal • Back part of the body
Superior (cephalic) Towards the head Inferior (caudal) Towards the feet
Directional Terms • Distal: body part lies distant to the original reference point • Proximal: body part lies close to the reference point • External: location outside or near the surface of the body • Internal: location inside the body • Deep: through the surface • Superficial : near the surface
Directional Terms • Supine: laying face up • Prone: laying face down
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