Body Organization Body Organization Anatomy Study of structure

Body Organization

Body Organization Anatomy Study of structure of the body Physiology Study of function of the body

Body Structures

Body Structures Organized on four levels Cells Tissues Organs Body systems

Body Structures Cells Smallest unit Vary in shape and size Perform various functions

Body Structures Tissues Combinations of similar cells Composed of 60 -99% water

Body Structures Organs Tissues working together Heart Stomach lungs

Body Structures Body systems Organs working together

Cells Most basic unit of life

Part of the cell Cell membrane Completely surround cell Semi permeable Selective in allowing certain substances to either enter or exit the cell

Part of the cell Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance within cell Contains nutrients, water, pigment

Part of the cell Nucleus Controls vital functions of metabolism, growth, and reproduction of the cell Contain chromosomes and genes which determine physical characteristics of organism

Part of the cell Nucleolus Located within nucleus Important in cell reproduction

Part of the cell Chromatin Located in nucleus Forms chromosomes during cell reproduction

Part of the cell Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of cell Release energy responsible for chemical reactions within cell Contain enzymes Proteins that increase speed of reaction without changing their form

Part of the cell Endoplasmic reticulum Tubular structures allows for transport of material in and out of nucleus Aids in synthesis and storage of proteins

Part of the cell Golgi apparatus Stores, produces secretions for discharge

Part of the cell Lysosomes Aid in digestion of old cells and foreign material https: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=URUJD 5 NE XC 8 https: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=uf. Ci. Gz 75 D Ak&list=PLF_t. IFq 2 l. Aov 3 Wq. X 5 L 4 Du. V MGvqsu 0 hx. J&index=4

Part of the cell https: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=zaf. JKb. MPA 8

Cell Division

Cell Division Meiosis Cellular division of human reproductive organs Specific for ovaries and testes only

Cell Division Mitosis Cellular division for all other body cells i. e. skin https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Q 6 uc KWIIFmg

Tissues

Tissues Formed by group of similar cells 4 major tissue types Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nerve tissue Muscle tissue

Tissues Epithelial tissue Main tissue of skin Lines body cavities and passageways leading to outside of body Forms glands which produce hormones

Tissues Connective tissue Supports and connects other tissues and part Soft connective tissue Adipose Tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments ( bone to bone) Hard connective tissue Bone and cartilage

Tissues Nerve tissue Made of neurons Carries information between brain and body Composed of brain, nerves, and spinal cord

Tissues Muscle tissue Responsible for body movement Three types Skeletal Attached to bones for movement voluntary Cardiac Causes heart to contract involuntary

Tissues Visceral (smooth) Found mainly in organs involuntary

Organs

Organs Formed by combining of two or more tissues to perform a specific function Combining of body structures to perform a common function is a SYSTEM

Body Systems

Body Systems Integumentary Cover body Lines body cavities Skeletal Framework of support/protection Muscular Controls movement of body Respiratory Exhange of gases between air and blood

Body Systems Urinary Filters blood and removes waste Digestive Process food and eliminate waste Nervous Regulates activities of all body systems Endocrine Coordinates through hormones

Body Systems Sensory Perception of environment Reproductive Provides for reproduction Lymphatic Fight disease https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 f. G 5 Pxr 9 Z Q 0

The Body Cavities

Figure 8 -5 Body Cavities Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Body cavities Cranial cavity Contains the brain Contained within the dorsal cavity

Body cavities Spinal cavity Contains the spinal cord Contained within the dorsal cavity

Body cavities Thoracic cavity Located within the chest Contains heart, lungs, great vessels

Body cavities Abdominal cavity Contains abdominal organs Divided into nine regions and four quadrants

Body cavities Abdominal cavity Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Contains pancreas, stomach, spleen, large/small intestine Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Most of liver, GB, large/small intestine Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Appendix, some female reproductive organs, some of the intestine, right ureter Left lower quadrant (LLQ) Some of the intestine and some female reproductive organs, left ureter

Body cavities Pelvic cavity Contains urinary bladder, part of large intestine, some of the female reproductive organs https: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=Pdeb. V 30 r 7 x. E

Figure 8 -6 Body Regions Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

The End for Now