Body and Soul Medieval Medicine Elements and Humors

Body and Soul Medieval Medicine

Elements and Humors Bartholomeus Anglicus 15 th-c. ms (Bn. F Fr. 135)

Elements and the Zodiac Bartholomeus Anglicus 15 th-c. ms

The Four Humor s Phlegm Blood Yellow Bile Black Bile

L-R: Choleric, Sanguine, Phlegmatic, Melancholy

Arnau of Villanova with Mortar and Pestle Rome Bibl. Naz. Vitt. Eman. 1167

Doctor examining a urine flask Bartholomeus Anglicus 15 th-c. ms

Master, student, and urine flask (De. Ricci NLM 78 (f. 1 r), Oxford, 13 th-century)

Physician comparing urine to chart (De. Ricci NLM 78 (f. 42 v), Oxford, 13 th-century)

Urine Wheel

Urine Wheel

Albus color ut aqua fontis White as wellwater, i. e. clear Glaucus color ut cornu lucidum Light blue/green/grey as lucid horn Lacteus color ut serum lactis Milky as whey of milk Caropos color ut vellus cameli Bluish-grey as camel skin Subpallidus color ut succus carnis semicoctus non remisse Slightly pale as a not reduced juice of meat Remissus pallidus ut succus carnis semicoctus remissi Reduced pale as reduced juice of meat Subcitrinus ut pomi subcitrini non remissus Pale yellow as of a not reduced lemon Citrinus color ut pomi citrini remissi Yellow as of a reduced lemon Subruffus color ut aurum remissum Slightly ruddy as an alloy of gold Ruffus ut aurum purum intensum Ruddy as pure intense gold