Body and Bits Year 10 Living Things All

Body and Bits Year 10

Living Things All living things have seven characteristics in common

Living things • Everything on Earth is living or non- living • BUT how do we decide whether something is living or non-living? • Let’s ask our friend MRS GREN.

Movement • Mrs Gren says…. . • “all living things can move”

Respiration • Mrs Gren says…. . • “All living things respire. This means they can get energy from their food. ”

Sensitivity • Mrs Gren says…. . • “All living things can sense what is going on around them. ”

Growth • Mrs Gren says…. . • “All living things can grow. ”

Reproduce • Mrs Gren says…… • “All living things can reproduce. ” • This means they can have babies.

Excrete • Mrs Gren says…. . • “All living things excrete. ” • This means they get rid of anything they make but don’t need.

Nutrition • Mrs Gren says…. . • “All livings things need nutrients. ” • This means they need food to live.

MRS GREN • Now we know that all living things can…. . • Move • Respire • Sense • Grow • Reproduce • Excrete and need. . . • Nutrients to survive Phototropism

Living Things What are living things? They are living or have lived but are now dead. What are non-living things? They have never lived. Are made up of cells. They can be. . . Unicellular organisms – Single cells. Small simple organisms Multicellular – Many cells working together. Large, more complex organisms

Plant versus Animal Cells • Plant • Animal

Human Body Structure • • Cells Tissue Organs What body organs do you know? – – – Heart Liver Kidneys Brain Lungs Skin

Food Type Use • Carbohydrate • Long term energy • Fat • Protecting organs and long term energy store • Making muscle, enzymes, skin, hair • Fast energy • Protein • Sugars

Food tests Food type • Protein video • Sugar • Fat • Carbohydrate Test • Biuret turns purple if protein is present • Benedicts turns from blue to red/brown if sugar is present • Greaseproof paper gets an oily residue • Iodine turns blue/black if starch is present

Carnivore • Only eats meat – E. g. Spider, lion • Its survival is dependent on finding and catching prey Top predator – Nothing eats him!

Carnivore Teeth Adaptation

Herbivore • Only eats plants – E. g. Cow, aphid • Depends on a large supply of plant matter. • Longer gut as less energy available in their food.

Herbivore Teeth Adaptation

Omnivore • Eats a mixture of plants and animals – E. g. Pigs, humans • Increased chance of survival as they are not restricted to one diet.

Ingesting a Plane! • • Mr. Mangetout French 1978 -80 18 bikes 18 t. v. Glasses 9 tonnes metal

The Digestive System (Breaking food down into smaller pieces) Let’s find out what happened to your breakfast today! • Mouth • Oesophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Liver • Large Intestine • Gall Bladder • Pancreas • Rectum • Anus

Mouth • Teeth (mechanical breakdown) – Incisors used for cutting – Canines used for stabbing and holding – Molars large surface area used for grinding • Saliva (chemical breakdown) – Enzyme (speeds up reactions in the body) – Breaks down carbohydrate

Oesophagus • Approximately 25 cm long • Moves food from the throat to the stomach – Muscle movement called peristalsis • If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn.

Stomach • Stores the food you eat • Chemically breaks it down into tiny pieces • Mixes food with digestive juices • Acid in the stomach kills bacteria

Small Intestine • Small intestines are roughly 6 metres long. • Enzymes and bile are added. • Villi increase the surface area to help absorbtion. • Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.

Villi • Increased surface area • High blood supply • Maximum absorption of nutrients

Liver • Directly affects digestion by producing bile – Bile is an enzyme that helps dissolve fat • Processes nutrients in the blood, filters out toxins and waste. • Is often called the body’s energy factory

Gall Bladder • Stores bile from the liver • Delivers bile when food is digested • Fatty diets can cause gallstones

Pancreas • Produces compounds to digest fats and proteins • Neutralizes acids that enter small intestine • Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin

Large Intestine • About 1. 5 metres long • Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb. • Absorbs water and minerals from the waste matter. • Absorption means taking into the body via the blood stream.

Rectum and Anus • Rectum – About 15 cm long – Stores waste before egestion. • Anus – Muscular ring that controls egestion.

Write the name of each colored organ: • • Green: Red: Pink: Brown: Purple: Green: Yellow:

Answers • • Green: Oesophagus Red: Stomach Pink: Small Intestine Brown: Large Intestine Purple: Liver Green: Gall Bladder Yellow: Pancreas

Skeleton • 3 types • Hydrostatic – E. g. Worms • Exoskeleton – E. g. Insects • Endoskeleton – E. g. Humans

Human Skeleton • 300 – 206 bones • Functions – Support – Attachment point for tendons and muscles – Protection for organs

Structure of Bone

Label the Skeleton • • • • Patella Sternum Spine Tibia Fibula Femur Cranium Radius Ulna Pelvis Scapula Humerus Rib cage Clavicle • Bone dance Cranium Humerus Radius Ulna Clavicle Scapula Sternum Rib cage Spine Pelvis Femur Patella Tibia Fibula

Joints • Where bones meet • 3 Types Immovable • E. g. Skull Slightly movable • E. g. Spine Movable (2 types) – Pivot (ball and socket) • E. g. Hip or shoulder – Hinge • E. g. Elbow or knee

Joints • Bones held in place by ligaments • Bones moved by muscles • Muscles attached to bones with tendons Ligaments Link Bones Tendons Tie muscles to bones

Muscles • Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS – Bicep contracts (gets shorter) – Tricep extends (gets longer) • So the arm bends

Circulatory System

Anatomy of the Heart

Blood Vessels

Structure of Arteries • Oxygenated blood leaving heart • High pressure • Thick muscular walls

Structure of Capillaries • Carry blood to cells – Remove waste – Deliver oxygen – Deliver food • Single file r. b. c. • Walls single cell thick

Structure of Veins • Deoxygenated blood returning to heart • Low pressure • Valves • Muscle contraction

Blood • Plasma – Liquid carries other components • Red Blood Cells – Carry oxygen and Carbon Dioxide • White Blood Cells – Fight disease • Platelets – Clotting

Life expectancy • Can we predict our death? • What factors affect lifespan – Cardiovascular – Respiratory • Calculate virtual age