Bmode ICA vs ECA ICA ECA ICA vs

+ B-mode

+ ICA vs. ECA ICA ECA

+ ICA vs. ECA

+ Temporal tap maneuver

ECST%=0, 6* NASCET%+40% Rothwell et al. Stroke 1994; 25: 2435

+ Doppler gain The gain should be reduced so that the waveform displayed just reaches peak white at its brightest part

ICA STENOSIS CRITERIA Washington University / Eugene Strandness criteria GRADE CRITERIA A (normal) PSV <120 cm/s. No SB B (1 -15%) PSV<120. SB during acceleration of systole. Window above EDF C (16 -49%) PSV <120. SB throughout systole. No window above EDF D (50 -79%) PSV>120. SB throughout systole. No window D+ (80 -99) PSV>120. SB throughout systole. No window. EDF<135 cm/s E (occlusion) No flow signal PSV: Peak Systolic Velocity, EDF: End Diastolic Frequency, SB: spectral broadening

PSVICA, EDVICA, PSV ratio (ICA/CCA)

+ St. Mary’s ratio: ICAPSV / CCACCA sensitivity specificity PPV NPV accuracy 0. 92 0. 93 0. 91 0. 92

+ ICA occlusion n B-mode echo in ICA lumen n No color flow in ICA n Absent EDV in distal CCA n Flow reversal in ophthalmic artery

+ Ενδοθήλιο: Intima Media Thickness (IMT)