Blue Sheet 1 Male Genitals external A Testes

Blue Sheet

1. Male Genitals (external) A. Testes (testicles) 1. Produce sperm (smallest cell in body) 6 wks to mature. 2. Produce male hormone testosterone. Infertility: Failure to produce enough healthy sperm. Sperm malformed from toxins like alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and other drugs.

• • Sterility: Permanent inability to produce sperm. Castration: Removal of testes; diseased organ to reduce amount of male hormone as it stimulates growth of Prostate Cancer. Vasectomy: Sterilization for men “cutting the Vas Deferens” Eunuch: Name for a man whose testicles have been removed before puberty – no secondary sex characteristics.

• • • B. Penis: 3 layers of spongy tissue 1. Elimination of urine 2. Male organ for copulation (intercourse) Erection: Penis becomes firm when sponge like chambers fill with blood – dialates because of stimulation. Impotence: Inability to attain an erection due to physiological issues like circulation (heart disease) or psychological (mental) or toxins.

Glans: Head of penis – large supply of nerve endings – very sensitive to physical stimulation. Prepuce or Foreskin: Covers the glans (foreskin). Circumcision: Surgical removal of prepuce, glans are now fully exposed for hygiene reasons; easier to clean.

Seminal Fluid: Semen is nourished and it gives mobility to sperm. Semen comes from 1. Testes 2. Prostate 3. Seminal Vesicles 4. Cowpers Glands Ejaculation: Passage of sperm from penis due to a series of muscle contractions. 200 milion + sperm in each ejaculation. Sperm can live from 2 – 5 days.

Ejaculatory Duct: Tube (canal) that leads from prostate to the urethra. Muscle that holds back urine. • C. Scrotum: Saclike pouch that holds testes; also lowers testes temperature 2 -3 degrees less. II. MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS (internal) III. Seminiferous Tubles: Where sperm are produced in testes. Each tuble is 1 -3 feet long (1/4 mile). •

• • • Epididymis: Where mature sperm are stored. Vas Deferens: Two long thin tubes (canals) that serve as a passageway for sperm; they connect with urethra as passage out of the body; cillia moves sperm out. Seminal Vesicles: Two small glands that secrete a fluid that nourishes. Cowpers Gland: Secretes a clear sticky fluid that appears in drops at the tip of the penis during sexual arousal. Prostate Gland: Secretes an akaline solution into the urethra. Without these secretions sperm would die

Female Genitals (External) A. Vulva – External Genitals Hymen: Thin membrane covering opening to the vagina for protection. Labia: Folds of skin covering external opening (Majora) of vagina. (Minora) located between Majora. Clitoris: Small erectile organ with many nerve receptors and blood vessels. 1.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS (Internal)A. Ovaries: Female Gonads 1. Produce egg (ova); largest cell in female 1/100 th all eggs are present at birth 200, 000 + only about 400 will mature. 2. Produces hormones for secondary sex characteristics. Ovulation: A mature egg is released from ovary usually one monthly but sometimes two or more. II.

B. Fallopian Tubes: Tube (canal) where egg travels through (4” long) where conception occurs. Egg lives: 1 -2 days possibly after released and sperm lives 2 -5 or more after released. Fertilized egg passes through the fallopian tubes 3 -4 days. Sperm travels through fallopian tube to reach egg as quickly as 90 minutes. C. Uterus: Womb (muscle tissue) looks like an upside down pear 2 X 3 inches.

• • • Endometrium: Lining of the uterus – takes 28 days to prepare. If egg is not fertilized endometrium is sloughed off. Cervix: Neck of Uterus Hysterectomy: Removal of the Uterus D. Vagina: Muscular tube (canal) which extends from lower end of uterus to outside of the body 6” long. 1. Birth Canal and menstruation 2. Female organ for sexual intercourse or copulation

• • • III. Menstrual Cycle: Regulated by the endocrine gland hormones: Cycle of events in the Uterus. A. Menache: Beginning of the menstrual cycle. Approximate age this begins is 12 – 13 yrs old. Menstruation: Periodic discharge of blood and tissue (endometrium) blood vessels shrink Hormones are released by the Pituitary gland to stimulate the ovaries to produce these hormones: Triggers the menstrual cycle Estrogen: Female hormone for sexual development

Progesterone: Prepares the endometrium which is the lining of the uterus for pregnancy The Pituitary Gland in the brain triggers the menstrual cycle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Average length of each menstrual cycle is 28 days Approximate day of Ovulation 14 Most fertile days are between days 11 and 16 Approximate number of Eggs in a lifetime are 300 500.

B. Menopause: Ending of the menstrual cycle. Approximate age it begins 45 -55 yrs old Possible side effects: Hot flashes, nausea, Depression, night sweats, etc. Ectopic Pregnancy: When a fertilized egg Implants somewhere other than the uterus Like in the Fallopian Tubes. Endometriosis: Lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.