Blow Moulding Process Barrier Containers Part 1 4

( ) Blow Moulding Process & Barrier Containers Part 1. 4 D. 1 Basic Polypropylene chemistry www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( History of Plastics • • • • D. 2 ) 1869 Celluloid 1930 Polystyrene (PS) 1933 Acrylic (PMMA) 1938 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 1938 Polyamide (Nylon) 1939 Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 1940 Polyurethane 1941 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; Teflon) 1943 Silicones 1946 Epoxy Resins 1955 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 1956 Polycarbonate (PC) 1957 Polypropylene (PP) www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( Propylene Monomer and Polypropylene Polymer D. 3 ) www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( ) PP Types D. 4 www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( Homopolymer ) • Use only one monomer, propylene in this case • Homopolymer Structure: PPPPPPPP • Standard abbreviation: HPP – other abbreviations: PPH, PP • Homopolymers consist of: – isotactic PP 85 -99% – atactic PP 1 -3% – stereoblock 5 -14% – syndiotactic 0 -2% • HPP is used for all applications D. 5 www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( Random Copolymers ) • Contain Ethylene and Propylene evenly distributed throughout each molecule • Random Copolymer Structure: EPPPPPPPEPPP • Standard abbreviation: RCP – Other abbreviations: RCPP, RACO, PPR, Mini-copo • RCP’s are used for their superior clarity, flexibility, sealability, orientability and/or lower crystallization temperature • RCP’s contain 0. 4 to 7% ethylene D. 6 www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( Impact Copolymers ) • Contents – contain 2 phases. – matrix is typically HPP – dispersed phase consists of molecules of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) – Also called a block copolymer • Impact Copolymer: PPPP + EPPEEPEPEP + PPPPPPP • Standard abbreviation: ICP also called Heterophasic Copolymers – Other abbreviations: HCP, HECO, PPC • ICP’s are normally designed to maximize impact resistance & stiffness • ICP’s contain 5 to 25% ethylene D. 7 www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( Isotactic PP (i. PP) ) • Is a stereoregular form of PP and is the main component of HPP. – Hard and semi-crystalline – The level of isotacticity in the polymer is proportional to modulus or stiffness – Has all methyl groups on one side of molecule D. 8 www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( Syndiotactic PP (s. PP) ) • Is a stereoregular form of PP (made by ATOFINA) – tough and rubbery – methyl groups alternates to the opposite side of the molecule – e. g. D. 9 www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org

( Atactic PP (a. PP) ) • An irregular form of PP – Soft and waxy, or soft & rubbery – Amorphous low molecular weight waxes – The methyl groups are oriented randomly – e. g. D. 10 www. assocomaplast. org Assocomaplast - Centro Direzionale Milanofiori - Palazzo F/3 - 20090 Assago - Milan - Italy - tel +39 02 8228371 - fax +39 02 57512490 - e-mail: info@assocomaplast. org