Bloom to Marzano Kristoffer Greaves 2010 APLEC Conference

Bloom to Marzano Kristoffer Greaves 2010 APLEC Conference Bond University

From Bloom to Marzano • • • Taxonomies of Educational Objectives Relevance to Practical Legal Training Bloom et al Marzano and Kendall What’s changed? Implications for Practical Legal Training

‘Taxonomy’ of Educational Objectives • Classification / Arrangement • Bloom et al: – Domains of educational activities – Categories of educational activities within those domains • Marzano and Kendall: – Domains of knowledge – Levels of Processing

Bloom et al Domains and Categories • Cognitive – Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation • Affective – Receiving, Responding, Valuation, Organisation, Internalisation, • Psychomotor – Perception, Mindsets, Guided Response, Mechanism, Complex Overt Response, Adaptation, Origination

Bloom’s Cognitive Categories Create Evaluate Analyse Apply Understand Remember

Marzano and Kendall Domains and Levels of Processing • Self-System Information • Metacognitive System Mental Procedures • Knowledge Utilisation Psychomotor Procedures (Cognitive) • Analysis (Cognitive) • Comprehension (Cognitive) • Retrieval (Cognitive)

What’s the Difference? Bloom cf Marzano Framework of info processing (not predictive) Theory of human thought (predictive) Combines forms of knowledge with knowledge processing Separates knowledge domains from processes operating on them Psychomotor skills - not published Psychomotor procedures included Knowledge - remembering phenomena accurately Knowledge - information retrieved and procedures executed Comprehension – objectives, behaviours, responses Comprehension – translation, interpretation, extrapolation Analysis Synthesis Knowledge utilisation Knowledge explored at first cognitive level only Knowledge domains interact with all levels of processing

Marzano and Kendall Domains and Levels of Processing • Self-System Information • Metacognitive System Mental Procedures • Knowledge Utilisation Psychomotor Procedures (Cognitive) • Analysis (Cognitive) • Comprehension (Cognitive) • Retrieval (Cognitive)

Information Domain Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures • Details – Vocabulary terms, Facts, Time Sequences • Organising Ideas – Principles, Generalisations

Mental Procedures Domain Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures • Processes – Macroprocedures • Skills – Tactics, Algorithms, Single Rules

Psychomotor Procedures Domain Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures • Processes – complex combination procedures • Skills – Single combination procedures, Foundational Procedures

Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 1 – Retrieval Level 2 – Comprehension Level 3 – Analysis Level 4 – Knowledge Utilisation

Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 1 – Retrieval • Recognise • Recall • Execute

Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 2 – Comprehension • Integrate • Symbolise

Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 3 – Analysis • Matching • Classifying • Analysing Errors • Generalising • Specifying

Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 4 – Knowledge Utilisation • Decision making • Problem Solving • Experimenting • Investigating

Levels of Processing Meta-cognitive System • Specifying Goals • Process Monitoring • Monitoring Clarity • Monitoring Accuracy

Levels of Processing Self System • Examining Importance Efficacy Emotional Response Motivation

Potential Implications Improved Framework for: • Educational Objectives • Designing Assessments • Improving Standards for Competencies • Curriculum Design

Examples • Level 1 Retrieval • Recognise – Information – Details: The jurisdictional limit of the Victorian County Court is: a. $100, 000 b. $250, 000 c. $450, 000 d. Unlimited

Examples • Level 1 Retrieval • Recognise – Information – Organising Ideas: Which Court is most likely to hear a complex Trade Practices Act claim: a. State Magistrates Court b. Federal Court c. State County Court d. Federal Magistrates Court

Examples • Level 1 Retrieval • Recognise – Mental Procedures – Validate Mental Skill: Which of the following steps would be the least likely first step you would take after receiving an opponent’s affidavit in an interlocutory application: a. Read the affidavit b. Identify potentially inadmissible material c. Begin drafting an affidavit in reply d. Advise your client and obtain instructions

Examples • Level 1 Retrieval • Recognise – Mental Procedures – Validate Mental Procedure: Of the following circle the steps you would take when given money on account of costs and disbursements: a. Write a trust account receipt b. Complete a trust account deposit slip c. Make an entry in the trust account receipts cash book d. Bank the money in the office account

Examples • Level 1 Retrieval • Recognise – Psychomotor Procedures – Validate Psychomotor Skill: Which of the following statements are true when appearing in court: a. Maintain eye contact with the person on the bench b. Maintain composure even when you disagree c. Stand when addressing the court d. Speak in hushed tones to preserve the solemnity of the occasion

Thank you! kgg@deakin. edu. au @pleagletrainer