BloodType Genetics Blood Cell Antigens Blood types are

Blood-Type Genetics

Blood Cell Antigens Blood types are the result of the presence (or absence) of antigens (molecules) on the surface of the individual’s red blood cells. These fall into two groups: q A, A B, O blood type q Rh factor

Codominance The gene for antigen A and the gene for antigen B are CODOMINANT Both traits are expressed completely when the gene for A is inherited from one parent and the gene for B is inherited from the other parent.

Bloodtype antigens and antibodies

A, B, O Inheritance Allele from Parent 1 Allele from Parent 2 Child’s genotype Child’s phenotype A A A O AO A A B AB AB B A AB AB B B B O BO B O O OO O

Blood Type Problem Three children recently born in a hospital were accidently mixed up. The blood types of the parents involved are given along with the blood types of the infants. Determine which baby belongs with which parents, and explain your reasoning for the decisions you made. Mother and Father_____ Parents #1 Type A & Type B Parents #2 Type O & Type AB Parents #3 Type B & Type O _____Babies_______ Child x Type A Child y Type O Child z Type AB

Rh Inheritance Rh inheritance is independent of A, B, O blood type. Rh factor Rh+ Rh. Parent 1 Rh allele Rh+ Rh. Rh- Possible genotypes Rh+/Rh+ OR Rh+/Rh. Rh-/Rh. Parent 2 Child’s Rh allele phenotype Rh+ Rh+ Rh. Rh-

ABO and Rh blood type distribution by nation (population averages) Country Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Hong Kong, China Ireland O+ 40% 38. 1% 39% 35% 27% 36% 35% A+ 31% 33% 34% 36% 37% 38% 37% B+ 8% 12% 8. 5% 7. 6% 8% 15% 9% 9% AB+ 2% 6% 4. 1% 2. 5% 4% 7% 3% 4% O− 9% 7% 7% 7% 6% 4% 6% 6% A− 7% 8% 6% 6% 7% 6% B− 2% 3% 1. 5% 1. 4% 2% 2% 1% 2% AB− 1% 1% 0. 8% 0. 5% 1% 1% 40% 26% 27% 7% <0. 3% 47% 26% 9% 2% 8% 5% 2% 1% South Korea 35. 2% 28. 1% 26. 1% 11. 3% 0. 1% 0. 05% Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Sweden Turkey UK USA 39. 5% 38% 34% 31% 32% 29. 8% 37. 4% 35% 32% 42. 5% 32% 37. 8% 35. 7% 6. 7% 9% 6. 8% 15% 10% 14. 2% 8% 8. 5% 2. 5% 3% 3. 4% 7% 5% 7. 2% 3% 3. 4% 7. 5% 9% 6% 6% 6% 3. 9% 7% 6. 6% 7% 6% 7. 5% 6% 7% 4. 7% 7% 6. 3% 1. 3% 2% 1. 2% 2% 2% 1. 6% 2% 1. 5% 0. 5% 1% 0. 6% 1% 1% 0. 8% 1% 0. 6%

Blood Type Problem A man whose alleles for blood type are A/O and Rh+/Rh- marries a woman whose alleles are B/O and Rh+/Rh-. a) What are the phenotypes of the parents with respect to blood type? b) What are the possible genotypes for their offspring with respect to blood type? c) What are the possible phenotypes for their offspring with respect to blood type?

What are the phenotypes of the parents with respect to blood type? Father: § AO is expressed as type A § Rh+/Rh- is expressed as Rh+ § Father’s phenotype is A+ Mother: § BO is expressed as type B § Rh+/Rh- is expressed as Rh+ § Mother’s phenotype is B+

What are the possible genotypes for their offspring with respect to blood type? Maternal gametes Paternal gametes A/Rh+ A/Rh- O/Rh+ O/Rh- B/Rh+ AB AB BO BO Rh+Rh+ Rh+Rh- B/Rh- AB AB BO BO Rh+Rh- Rh-Rh- O/Rh+ AO AO OO OO Rh+Rh+ Rh+Rh- O/Rh- AO AO OO OO Rh+Rh- Rh-Rh-

What are the possible phenotypes for their offspring with respect to blood type? AB+ = 3/16 AB AB BO BO Rh+Rh+ Rh+Rh- Rh+Rh+ Rh+Rh. AB AB BO BO Rh+Rh- Rh-Rh- Rh+Rh- Rh-Rh. AO AO OO OO Rh+Rh+ Rh+Rh- Rh+Rh+ Rh+Rh. AO AO OO OO Rh+Rh- Rh-Rh- AB- = 1/16 A+ = 3/16 A- = 1/16 B+ = 3/16 B- = 1/16 O+ = 3/16 O- = 1/16