Blood Typing 1 Antigens Antibodies Membranes of RBCs

Blood Typing

(1) Antigens & Antibodies • Membranes of RBC’s contain unique I. D. Tags (Antigens) – Antigens are membrane proteins – Unique antigens bind with Unique antibodies • Antibody: Protein produced to bind with foreign cells to stimulate immune response of lymphocytes.

(2) Agglutination • Agglutination = Binding of antigens with antibodies. – Causes a clumping of factors. – Looks like a thickening of blood. • When blood-cell antigens bind with their matching antibodies…. . AGGLUTINATION!

(3) Blood Groups • Type AB: (Universal Recipient) – RBC’s have both A and B antigens. – Cen receive from A, B, AB, and O types. – Can donate to AB type only. • Type A: – RBC’s have A antigens only. – Can receive from A and O types. – Can donate to A and AB types. • Type O: (Universal Donor) – RBC’s have NO antigens. – Can receive from O type only. – Can donate to A, B, AB and O types. • Type B: – RBC’s have B antigens only. – Can receive from B and O types. – Can donate to B and AB types.

(4) Why don’t your RBC’s produce the SAME type of antibodies? • Your blood would start agglutinating. • You produce “opposite” antibodies to recognize blood that shouldn’t be in your body!

(5) Blood Typing • Purpose: – Check blood for organ/blood donations – Test both recipient + donor • Procedure: – Mix blood with “Immune Serums” – “Immune Serum” = Liquid w/Antibodies – No Agglutination = Does NOT have those antigens – Agglutination = Those antigens present

(6) Blood Typing Example #1 • You mix some of Angelica’s blood with the following serums: – Anti-A serum – Anti-B serum • Angelica’s blood looks clumpy when mixed with Anti-A serum, but not Anti-B. – This means her RBC’s contain a-antigens only. – Angelica is Blood Type A

(7) Blood Typing Example #2 • You mix some of Michael’s blood with the following serums: – Anti-A serum – Anti-B serum • Michael’s blood does not look clumpy with either Anti-A or Anti-B serums. – His RBC’s do not have A-antigens OR B-antigens. – Michael has Blood Type O

(8) Rh. D Antigens • Makes the Blood Type “Positive” or “Negative” • Agglutination with Rh. D Serum = Positive • No Agglutination with Rh. D Serum = Negative

(9) Blood Typing Example #3 • You mix some of Katelyn’s blood with the following serums: – Anti-A serum – Anti-B serum – Rh. D serum • Katelyn’s blood looks clumpy with Anti-B serum and Rh. D serum. – Her blood contains B and Rh. D antigens. – Katelyn’s blood type is B-Positive