Blood Topics 1 2 3 4 5 6

Blood Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Functions and Properties of Blood Components of Blood Cell Formation Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Hemostasis Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion

White Blood Cells • White blood cells contribute to the body’s defense against pathogens.

White Blood Cells • Nucleated • Combat inflammation and infection • Granular or agranular

White Blood Cells • Neutrophils • Lymphocytes • Monocytes • Eosinophils • Basophils

White Blood Cells • Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Granular Leukocytes Neutrophils Prevalence - 60 -70% Structure - Multilobed nucleus - Fine pale lilac granules Function - Phagocytosis - Bacterial destruction

Granular Leukocytes Eosinophils Prevalence - 2 -4% Structure - Bilobed nucleus - Large red-orange granules Function - Diminish inflammation - Phagocytosis

Granular Leukocytes Basophils Prevalence - 0. 5 -1% Structure - Bilobed nucleus - Large deep-blue granules Function - Intensify inflammation

Agranular Leukocytes Lymphocytes Prevalence - 20 -25% Structure - Large dark-staining nucleus - No granules Function - Mediate immune response - “Soldiers”

Agranular Leukocytes Monocytes Prevalence - 3 -8% Structure - Large kidneyshaped nucleus - No granules Function - Phagocytosis

WBC Identification

WBC Life Cycle • RBM lymphatic tissues • Most WBCs are short-lived • 5, 000 -10, 000 WBCs per μL • Leukocytosis • Leukopenia • WBCs emigrate from vessels

WBC Life Cycle • Leukocytes + monocytes never re-enter circulation • Lymphocytes continually recirculate q ~2% in blood

Blood Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Functions and Properties of Blood Components of Blood Cell Formation Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Hemostasis Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion

Platelets • Platelets are disc-shaped fragments of megakaryocytes that function in the clotting process.

Platelets • Irregularly shaped cell fragments • Vesicles but no organelles • 150, 000 – 400, 000 per u. L • 1/3 stored in spleen • Promote hemostasis • Live about 10 days – Macrophages in spleen and liver

Platelet Formation • Formed from megakaryoctyes in red bone marrow

Blood Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Functions and Properties of Blood Components of Blood Cell Formation Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets Hemostasis Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion

Hemostasis • Hemostasis is a series of carefully controlled responses that stop bleeding

Hemostasis • Series of carefully controlled responses. • Three mechanisms contribute to hemostasis: 1. Vascular spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood clotting

Vascular Spasm • Vessel reflexively vasoconstricts when damaged • Slows blood loss • Immediate, but not long lasting

Platelet Contents • • • Clotting factors ADP, ATP Ca 2+ and serotonin Enzymes thromboxane A 2 Fibrin-stabilizing factor Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Platelet Plug Formation Three steps: 1. Platelet adhesion 2. Platelet release reaction 3. Platelet aggregation • Plug formation allows time for clotting and healing

Platelet Plug Formation

Platelet Plug Formation • https: //youtu. be/R 8 JMfb. YW 2 p 4