Blood The Bodys Internal Highway I Three main
Blood: The Body’s Internal Highway
I. Three main functions: A. Transportation 1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________ a. Carbon dioxide b. Nitrogenous Wastes B. ___________ 1. WBC 2. Clots C. ___________ 1. Temperature 2. Blood’s p. H – Buffers Carbon dioxide, Lactic Acid Makes blood acidic
II. Properties A. Color ___________ Hemoglobin B. Volume _______of total weight Males – ____L Females – ____ L C. Viscosity – ___________ (RBC, WBC, Platelets) D. p. H ______use buffers to keep within narrow range. Acidosis Alkalosis
III. Only liquid tissue in the body Specialize connective tissue Mainly composed of water A. Plasma _______ in color _______ water _______ dissolved substances Proteins Nutrients Wastes Electrolytes Gases
1. Plasma Proteins 50 different types 3 main classes a. _______– 55% of plasma proteins. Thickens your blood, helps maintain osmotic pressure. b. _______ – Antibodies 38% c. _______ – 7% Precursor fibrin – clotting.
B. Other solutes 1. ______________(NPN). Amino Acids, Urea, Uric Acid Protein Breakdown N. A. Breakdown Removed by the kidneys 2. _______ – Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide 3. _______ 4. _______ a. Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate
C. Formed Elements – _______ RBC, WBC, Platelets 1. Analyze ____ – spinning blood ____– microscope
2. Hematoporesis Formation of formed elements ____– yolk sac, liver, spleen ____– Red bone marrow, stem cells ________
3. RBC – ________of formed elements _______of total blood volume male ____ female ____ Goal – ____ oxygen & carbon dioxide a. Structure – ______ 1. Lacks a nuclei, organelles 2. Live only 120 days b. Function – ______ Oxygen from lungs to body Carbon dioxide from body to lungs
c. In the Lungs Hemogloblin 1/3 volume of RBC ______ + ______ = Hold O 2 (Bright red) d. In the Tissues Gives up ____ & binds to ____. e. Life cycle – ________ Unable to repair ____.
f. Amount to RBC is carefully controlled by the ____ & ____. (Measures the amount of O 2 in the blood) 1. ____–> ____ -> ____. 2. More blood cells are produced 3. ____ die every hour. g. Recycling Center 1. ________________ 2. Reuse the cell parts & remove any toxic products. 3. WBC – Macrophages – eat RBC’s & breaks down hemoglobin. 4. Liver * ____– greenish * ____ – orangish * breaks down RBC’s & converts to bile. * Iron is reused in the red bone marrow.
h. ____ 1. Reduction of RBC’s, therefore lost ability to transport gases. 2. Types of anemia ____– shortage of folic acid & vitamin B. ________– Loss of blood. ________– RBC’s are being destroyed by your own body faster than they are being replaced. CAUSES Viral, bacterial, genetic. ex- sickle cell anemia prolong drowsiness, fevers, abdominal pain few live past 40 yrs.
Review n What is the shape of a RBC? n What does a RBC have instead of a nucleus? n Why are RBC red? n What is anemia?
4. White Blood Cells – ____ a. Less than _______of total blood volume b. 5, 000 – 10, 000 mm 3
c. Two Types 1. ________ – Have ____ Lobed nucleus Produced within RBC centers. ______ – Most abundant 2 -5 lobes 60% WBC’s Stain Pink in neutral stain.
____ – 1 -4% of WBC’s Red stain with eosin Only 2 lobes ____ – . 5% or less of WBC’s. Large granules. Stain blue with a basic stain. Only 2 lobes in a “S” shape.
2. ______ – lack of granules a. ____ 3 -8% of WBC Very Large Round with oval nuclei Phagocitize “Eat” foreign particles. b. ____ 25 - 33% of WBC’s Same size as RBC’s ________ = ________
Review n What is the function of WBC’s n What is the difference between RBC’s & WBC’s? n What are the two main groups of WBC’s?
3. Platelets - ________ 300, 000 a. Round b. 1/10 the size of RBC’s c. Forms platelet plugs 150, 000 –
d. ________ – ________ 1. Blood Vessels break – loss of blood a. ________ in blood vessels ________ to ____ blood loss (under 30 minutes). b. ____ is released, which prolongs smooth muscle contraction if needed. 2. ________ a. Platelets arrive 1. Increase in size. 2. Irregular shape 3. Surface become sticky 4. More platelets clump together & forms a plug 3. ________– Most effective a. Results in formation of blood clot. b. Fibrinogen converted into fibrin
c. Clot Formation Platelets (releases ____ + Ca) ________(Clot) d. Once clot is repaired. 1. ____ from neighboring connective tissue strengthens the clot & seal the tear. e. ____ blood clot dissolves & returns fibrinogen into plasma (Recycling)
Review n What is the process of stopping bleeding? n What is the first step of stopping the blood? n Which step is the most effective method to stop bleeding?
e. Problems 1. Blood clots when it is not needed. Atherosclerosis ______ – undesirable blood clot. ______ – Free floating blood clot. 2. Can not form a blood clot ______ – liver disease (Little or no Vitamin K). Inability to form clots due to lack of clotting factors.
IV. Blood Groups Surface proteins (Antigens) on RBC 2 antigens in ABO system 1. “A” 2. “B” Blood Type A B AB O Antigen A B A & B None Antibody B A None A & B
Who has which blood types? TYPES DISTRIBUTION RATIOS O + O - A + A - B + B - AB + AB - 1 person in 3 1 person in 15 1 person in 3 1 person in 16 1 person in 12 1 person in 67 1 person in 29 1 person in 167 38. 4% 7. 7% 32. 3% 6. 5% 9. 4% 1. 7% 3. 2% 0. 7%
Review n If you are blood type A, what antigens do you have? n If you are blood type AB, which antibodies do you have? n If you are blood type O, who can you receive blood from safely?
V. Rh System A. Rhesus Monkey 1. Rh Antigens Present + Absent – B. Inherited C. Rh sensitization with blood transfusion. 1. Only time when it is a problem a. ______ receives from ______ b. Recipient produces ______ to protect against from foreign blood type. c. ______ with first encounter. (never had time to develop antibodies for defense. d. ______ , blood will _____ (clump together) because antibodies for Rh are already present from ______ encounter.
2. ______ of the ______ a. _____is _____ , _____ is _____ blood mixes with mother’s across the placenta or tearing when the placenta is separated from the mother. c. Mother develops _____ due to exposure to foreign _____ from the baby. d. First baby is born with no problems. e. _______________ 1. mother’s antibodies will _____ the ____. 2. _____ with the fetus’s RBC’s. 3. Erythroblasts or hemolytic Disease – _____ Results – _____ Prevention – _____ – makes mother tolerant to Rh+
Hemolytic disease of the new born
VI. Diseases A. _____ – Reduction of RBC’s Sickle Cell (Inherited) B. _____ – Disorder of coagulation Treatment – replace missing factors. C. _____ - Sever blood loss. D. _____ – Cancer of the blood Too many WBC’s crowd out production of RBC’s. E. _____ – Infection of blood Stream by a parasite. Destroys RBC’s F. _____ - Disturbance of blood circulation 1. _____– Decrease blood volume 2. _____– Failure of the heart. 3. _____– Lower ability to transport blood.
Pop Quiz 1. Who can Blood Type B give blood to? 2. Why is blood type O considered the universal donor, but can not received from other types? 3. Why can only blood type AB can receive from all blood types?
Matching 1. Anemia A. Cancer of the blood (too many WBC’s) 2. Hemophilia B. In general a disturbance of blood circulation 3. Hemorrhage C. Shock due a decrease blood volume 4. Leukemia D. Reduction of RBC’s (Ex. Sickle cell) 5. Malaria E. Shock due to lower ability to transport blood 6. Shock F. Disorder of coagulation (Can’t clot) 7. Hypovolemic Shock 8. Cardiogenic Shock G. Shock due to failure of the heart. H. Severe blood loss due to excessive bleeding 9. Vascular Shock I. Infection of blood Stream by a parasite.
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