Blood Sugar Measurement Hossein Piri Department of Biochemistry

Blood Sugar Measurement Hossein Piri Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran September 2014

Diabetes Mellitus(DM) o Typ I DM o Typ II DM o Secondary DM o GDM 10/24/2020 4

Blood Sugar (BS) o Is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal o > 200 mg/dl o Confirm on subsequent visit with FBS or OGTT 10/24/2020 7

Fasting Plasma Glucose test (or FBS) o Fast for at least 8 hours o Normally: n Should be less than 100 mg/d. L o On at least two separate occasions: n More than 126 mg/d. L indicates diabetes o 100 to 125 mg/d. L indicates: n Impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) 10/24/2020 3: 54 PM Carbohydrates Metabolism H. Piri 8

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) o Drink 75 g of glucose dissolved in water o Measuring after 2 hours o A blood glucose of: n Less than 139 mg/d. L (normal) n 140 to 199 mg/d. L (prediabetes or IGT) n More than 200 mg/d. L (diabetes) 10/24/2020 3: 54 PM Carbohydrates Metabolism H. Piri 9

Diagnostic tests for GDM o FBS n >126 n n Drink 50 g of glucose dissolved in water Measuring after 1 h o Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) o <140 mg/d. L (normal) o > 140 mg/d. L (do the GTT) o GTT n n n Drink 100 g of glucose dissolved in water Fasting (<95) 1 h (<180) 2 h (<155) 3 h (<140) n Diagnostic criteria: at least 2 abnormal results 10/24/2020 11

Hemoglobin A 1 c (glycated hemoglobin) o Average lifespan of RBC n ~ 120 days (4 months) o Glycosylation of blood proteins in proportion to blood glucose concentration n Normal: 5 -8% n Goal for diabetics: 10 -22% 10/24/2020 12

Nonenzymic addition of glucose to hemoglobin Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry 13 Fifth Edition

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