Blood Product Transfusions Canines Blood Product Types adds

Blood Product Transfusions Canines

Blood Product Types • _____________– adds everything! • _____________– adds oxygen carrying ability • _____________ –adds clotting factors, proteins, and immunoglobulins • ______ = frozen within 8 hrs of collection and < 1 year old • _____________– adds platelets • Shortest shelf life • Why do we not give serum?

Indications for Transfusion Types of fluids? ? • Severe hemorrhage or hypovolemic shock ______ • Chronic or hemolytic anemia _______ • Hypoproteinemia*/rat poison/DIC ________ *Synthetic colloid • Severe thrombocytopenia/coagulation defects ________ These are general ideas, depends on the patient and the veterinarian’s plan!

Canine Blood Types • _________________ (DEAs) • 1. 1, 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 • DEA 1. 1, is the most common • A dog with this is “DEA 1. 1 +” • This dog can receive blood from a DEA 1. 1 + dog OR from a dog with out this antigen (DEA 1. 1 -) universal ________ • Dogs without DEA 1. 1 are the universal __________ Dogs do not have naturally occurring antibodies!

Blood Typing Canines • Blood banks and laboratories can do extensive blood typing • In house, the most important is DEA 1. 1 • Dogs can receive one _________ transfusion • After that, they have created ___________, so they must be typed for any other transfusions.

Cross Matching • In house test, no special supplies needed • ______ cross-match: _______ RBCs and ___________ plasma • ______ cross-match: ________ RBCs and __________ plasma • Hemolysis* OR agglutination = not __________ blood for transfusion *what does this mean for sample collection?

Donor Dogs • Large! ______ kgs minimum • Healthy; vaccinated; normal CBC/chem/urinalysis • Average normal PCV of at least _____ % • Heartworm prevention and no blood OR intestinal parasites • 1 -8 years old • Never received a __________ 450 ml bag

Collection from Donor Dog • Can only take about _______ % of donor’s blood volume • About 13 -17 ml/kg of blood • Minimum of 25 kg patient • Based on ______ body weight • Patient patient! • Sedation? • TPR normal! • Fasted WHY? • ________ technique/Prep • _____ gauge needle

Collection from Donor Dog • _______ of bag • Sodium citrate for ________ transfusion or CPDA for stored blood • Weighing of blood bag • Labeling • Storage • RBCs and WB usually refrigerated • Plasma usually frozen • Platelets room temp • Orange juice and a cookie?

Administering Blood Products • IV catheter • ______ prevents transfusion of clots • Pumps? • Gloves, aseptic technique required • Most products are given at 6 -12 ml/kg • p. RBCs can be up to 20 ml/kg • Initial rate is no more than 1 ml/min for first _____ to ______ minutes

The amount of blood product to be administered depends on the specific product, desired effect, and patient’s response!

Administering Blood Products • Do not _____ products, allow to come to room temp • Luke warm water bath • Monitoring! • q 5 mins for the first _____ mins (most important time period) • Full TPR • MM/CRT/Signs of anaphylaxis • If all is going well, TPR q 10 -15 mins

Transfusion Reactions 1. Anaphylaxis • • ______________________ (hives) ___________ • Stop transfusion, should resolve • What drugs might be used? 2. Cytotoxic (hemolytic) • Hemoglobinuria • No increase in PCV • Shock • Stop transfusion, supportive care

Transfusion Reactions/Complications • _______ • Pyretic – due to leukocyte breakdown, contamination, or old blood • Disease transmission • Hypervolemia

Reading Assignment: VT’s. DRG pages ______

Feline Blood Types • Uses an A/B typing system • The majority of cats in the US are type A • Blood type B is common in non-domestic breeds • AB is possible, but rare • Cats have naturally occurring antibodies to the blood type that they don’t have How does this differ from dogs?

Feline Blood Types • ___________-premade antibodies to the blood antigen type that they do not have = NO UNIVERSAL DONOR • Example:

= severe, hemolytic reaction = minor reaction, short lifespan of RBCs

Feline Transfusions • _______ perform blood typing and cross-matching prior to performing blood transfusion in cats so there is no question • No freebies in cat world! • Typing can be done in house, using cards (like dog typing cards) • Why would a Type AB cat, probably have a Type A mother?

Feline Blood Donor Requirements • Less than _____ years of age • A lean body weight of no less than ____ lb. • Neutered/spayed • A good-natured _________ cat • The donor should be fully ___________ • 2 weeks post vaccination of modified live vaccines • Negative for Fe. LV, FIP, FIV

Feline Donors • Excellent health must be maintained by monitoring CBC/chem/urinalysis • No blood or intestinal parasites • PCV should be greater ______%

Feline Donor Blood Collection • Donation: _____-_____ml/kg • A feline donor may provide up to _____ ml of blood at a time • No more than once every 4 to 5 weeks • Aseptic technique! • 19 g butterfly cath and 60 cc syringe • CPDA • Blood bag, sealing clips or electric sealer

The End!