BLOOD GETTING Transfusion Through the Ages 2262021 Place

BLOOD GETTING: Transfusion Through the Ages 2/26/2021 Place Title Here in Header and Footer 1

Discovery of Circulation • 1628 -Dr. William Harvey published his book On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals • The first description of the circulatory system Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 2

First Animal to Animal Blood Transfusion • 1665: Dr. Richard Lower successfully transfused blood from one dog to another • He bled dogs almost to death, then revived them with blood from other dogs 2/26/2021 3

First Animal to Human Transfusions • 1666 -1667: Dr. Richard Lower and Dr. Jean. Baptiste Denys successfully transfused blood from sheep & calves to humans • A 15 year old boy and a laborer, both of whom survived Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 4

Description of one transfusion by Dr. Denys: Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 5

Description by Dr. Lower Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 6

Samuel Pepys Diary entry: Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 7

Dr. Samuel Bernheim, 1800’s respected Paris physician • Publication: “Transfusion of Goat’s Blood and Lung Tuberculosis” • Later commissioned a painting of himself giving the transfusion • Paris Ecole de Medicine relegated it to a stairway after the procedure was discredited Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 8

Jules Adler, Transfusion of a Goat’s Blood, 1892. 2/26/2021 9

First Human to Human Transfusions • 1818: Dr. James Blundell, an obstetrician performed the first human to human transfusion Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 10

Blundell’s Thoughts on Transfusion Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 11

Equipment used by Dr. Blundell Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 12

Blundell’s Successful Transfusion • A woman with post- partum hemorrhage successfully received blood from her husband • Per Blundell: Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 13

Transfusion Reaction Description Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 14

Transfusion photo, 1870’s, Bellevue Hospital Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 15

Discovery of Blood Group Antigens • 1901 -Dr. Karl Landsteiner discovered blood group antigens A, B & O • He established the basic principles of ABO compatibility • Later collaborated on Rh antigens Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 16

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First Crossmatch • 1907 -Dr. Reuben Ottenberg first utilized blood typing and crossmatching Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 18

Equipment used by others, 1800’s Aveling’s apparatus Place Title Here in Header and Footer Roussel’s apparatus 2/26/2021 19

Equipment used by others 1915 Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 20

Anti-coagulants • 1869: 1 st attempted use • 1914 -1918: First utilization of anticoagulants (sodium citrate) & refrigeration to prevent clotting and allow longer storage • Improved survival for trauma cases in WWI Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 21

Military field transfusion kit, early 1900’s Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 22

Blood Banking • 1936: 1 st US Blood Bank, Cook County Hospital, Chicago • 1937: 1 st UK Blood Bank, Ipswich, Great Britain Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 23

Voluntary Donations WWII • 1939 -1940’s: Thousands of US & UK civilians turn out to donate blood Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 24

Plasma Fractionation 1944 • Dr. Edward Cohn developed a method to separate blood from plasma and extract albumin • The “Cohn Process” was a major development and was very useful in the field in WWII Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 25

Plastics • 1975: Plastic blood bags are introduced, greatly simplifying and improving safety of collection & transport of blood products • “There’s a great future in plastics. ” Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 26

HIV and Transfusion • 1980’s: The AIDS epidemic caused great concern regarding the safety of transfusion when it was learned that HIV could be transmitted by blood products • 1993: Arthur Ashe, famous tennis star died of AIDs related pneumonia after receiving tainted blood during cardiac surgery in 1983 Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 27

Advances in infectious disease testing • 1986: HIV testing introduced • 1991: Hepatitis C testing introduced • 1999: NAT testing for Hepatitis, detecting viruses earlier Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 28

Non-blood transfusion; GOT MILK? • 1873 -1880: US physicians attempt transfusions of cow and goat milk with mixed results • 1880: Due to adverse reactions, saline became the alternative Place Title Here in Header and Footer 2/26/2021 29