BLOOD DOPING UNDERCOVER CHEATING BLOOD DOPING Illicit method
BLOOD DOPING UNDERCOVER CHEATING
BLOOD DOPING • Illicit method of improving athletic performance by artificially boosting the blood’s ability to bring more oxygen to muscles
TYPES OF BLOOD DOPING • Blood Transfusions • 2 types of transfusions • Injections of erythropoietin (EPO)
TYPES: BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS Autologous Transfusions • Athlete’s own blood • Drawn and stored for later use Homologous Transfusions • Athletes use the blood of someone else with the same blood type
RISKS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS • Risk of infection • Potential toxicity • Homologous- greater risk of contracting an infectious disease
TYPES: EPO INJECTIONS • EPO= erythropoietin • Secreted by kidneys to regulate production of red blood cells • Pharmaceutical product
RISKS OF EPO INJECTIONS • Thicker blood • Greater strain on heart
DETECTION OF BLOOD DOPING • Search of athlete’s homes and team facilities • Blood/urine test
TRANSFUSION DETECTION Autologous Transfusions Homologous Transfusions • No current detection method • Been in use since 2000 • World Anti Doping Agency • Fluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting • Indirect methods
EPO DETECTION • EPO undetectable • Very controversial
PREVENTATIVE MEASURES • “Blood Passports”
ARE THERE “BENEFITS”? • Increased endurance • Benefits long exercises • Improves performance • Avoids oxygen depletion
NEGATIVE EFFECTS • • Heart attack Stroke Blood disorders Blood contaminations Pulmonary embolisms Lung injury Bacterial infections Death
MILITARY USE • U. S. Special Forces • Australian Defense Forces • “All is fair in love and war”
BIBLIOGRAPHY • "Blood Doping - World Anti-Doping Agency. " World Anti-Doping Agency. WADA, Sept. 2011. Web. 16 Mar. 2013. • "Result Filters. " National Center for Biotechnology Information. U. S. National Library of Medicine, Mar. 2012. Web. 16 Mar. 2013. • "What Is Blood Doping? Everything You Need To Know About EPO And Other Performance-Enhancing Drugs Lance Armstrong Says He Used. " International Business Times. IBT Media Inc. , 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 16 Mar. 2013. • "What Is Blood Doping? " What Is Blood Doping? Science and Industry Against Blood Doping Research, n. d. Web. 16 Mar. 2013.
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